Topics covered so far:

Array list

Hash tables

Hash maps

Reflection API

Commit for the above topics: https://github.com/writetoprabha/SeleniumJavaWorkouts/commit/e3fda49d5f1af777a1c3ba9925835c10c55362b2

Different waits supported in Selenium

Implicit Wait:

it is the default timeout for all the driver.findElement statements.

If the element is not located within the given timeout SLA, NoSuchElementFound exception will be thrown driver.manage.timeouts().implicitlyWait(20, TimeUnit.SECONDS); driver.manage.timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(20, TimeUnit.SECONDS); //=> to make selenium wait for 20 seconds for page load
driver.manage.timeouts().setScriptTimeout(20, Timeunit.SECONDS); //=> to make selenium wait for ajax scripts to execute

Explicitly Wait

To make selenium wait for an element

Sample Code:

WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 10); => takes the driver and timeout in seconds as input
wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOf(driver.findElementBy.Id("xyz")));

dynamic in nature => Waits only until the visibility of the element

Thread.sleep()

Static wait

Should not be used frequently

HashSets to fetch different windows opened

Using driver.getWindowHandles() method, we can retrieve all the opened browser windows as follows:

Set handles = driver.getWindowHandles(); System.out.println(handles);

By iterating through the Set object, we can work on different windows as shown below:

for(String handle:handles) { driver.switchTo.window(handle); driver.get("https://www.google.com"); }

Alerts, Frames and Mouse Actions:

Alerts

When native java script alerts are displayed, we need to make the driver point to the alert window in order to perform operations/verify text displayed in the alert

To do so, we can use driver.switchTo().Alert() function => returns Alert object

driver.findElement(By.xpath("//button[contains(text(), 'Click for JS Alert')]")).click();

    //Waits until the alert is displayed. Usually alerts are immediate.
    // But it is always safe to use the explicit wait to wait until the alert is displayed.
    WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 5);
    wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent());

    /*
    After the alert is displayed, we need to make the driver point to the alert window.
    driver.switchTo() statement is used
    After performing actions on the alert, we need to point driver back to browser window. defaultContent() method is used for the same.
    */
    Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert();
    alert.accept();
    driver.switchTo().defaultContent();

Frames

Frames are html pages within an another HTML page

In order to perform operations on frames, we need to point our driver to the frame.

Can be done using driver.switchTo().frame(frameIndex); statement

Can get the number of frames present in the web page using: driver.findElements(By.tagName("frame")).size();

//retrieves the frame count in the web page int frameCount = driver.findElements(By.tagName("iframe")).size();

    if(frameCount > 0) {
        driver.switchTo().frame(0);
        System.out.println(driver.findElement(By.id("tinymce")).getText());
        driver.switchTo().defaultContent();
    }

MouseActions

Sometimes we will come across draggable objects in our web applications

Mouse actions can be done on such objects

Statement for mouse actions: Actions action = new Actions(driver);

action.dragAndDrop(srcWebElement, destWebElement).build().perform();

driver.get("https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/drag_and_drop"); WebElement src = driver.findElement(By.id("column-a")); WebElement dest = driver.findElement(By.id("column-b")); Actions action = new Actions(driver); Thread.sleep(3000); action.dragAndDrop(src, dest).build().perform();

Cookies verification

At times we get test cases to verify that a specific cookie is present after performing an action in the application.

In such cases, we can use the getCookies method of driver.manage() to iterate through the cookies and verify

To verify that a certain cookie is present:

First we need to get all the cookies and assign it to a Set of type Cookie

Create an Iterator object on the Set object using Iterator iteratorName = setObject.iterator(); method

while iterator object has next element, iterate and find the cookie

driver.get("https://secure01b.chase.com/web/auth/dashboard"); Set cookiesSet = driver.manage().getCookies(); //returns cookies present in the driver Iterator cookies = cookiesSet.iterator(); //create the iterator object on the set object while(cookies.hasNext()) { Cookie cookie = (Cookie) cookies.next(); System.out.println(cookie.getName() + " = " + cookie.getValue()); }

Getting the co-ordinates of an element

int x = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[contains(text(), 'A/B Testing')]")).getLocation().x; int y = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[contains(text(), 'A/B Testing')]")).getLocation().y;

Database validations

Commit: https://github.com/writetoprabha/SeleniumJavaWorkouts/commit/164719c218181d95b1c10a8e49dcaf7467052579

4 step process:

Step 1: Associate the Connector jar file for the database (mySql jar is associated here) and load the driver using the Class.forName method
Statement:
Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");

Step 2: Create the connection object using Driver.getConnection method (will return connection object)
Statement:
Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/seleniumpractice", "root", "Colb@121");

Step 3: Create the statement object and pass the query in statementObj.executeQuery method => Returns result set
Statement smt = con.createStatement(); //Returns statement to execute query ResultSet rs = smt.executeQuery("select FIRSTNAME from employeeInfo");

Step 4: Retrieve the results from the result set
while(rs.next()) {
System.out.println(rs.getString("FIRSTNAME"));
}


Code for Database validation:

Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"); //loads the driver for our next statement

    //pass the connection string for MySql database. Returns connection object to create the statement
    Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/seleniumpractice", "root", "Colb@121");

    Statement smt = con.createStatement(); //Returns statement to execute query

    ResultSet rs = smt.executeQuery("select FIRSTNAME from employeeInfo");

    while(rs.next()) {
        System.out.println(rs.getString("FIRSTNAME"));
    }

API Validations

Commit: https://github.com/writetoprabha/APIAutomation/commit/a5dd04bb51242f8a85c7743fdb1800950faf218b

To invoke a REST service with Java:

1. Set the baseURI property of the RESTASSURED static class
   Example:
   RestAssured.baseURI = "http://restapi.demoqa.com/utilities/weather/city";
2. Create the RequestSpecification object and assign it with RestAssured.Given() method.
   Example:
   RequestSpecification httpRequest = ResetAssured.Given();
3. Create the Response object and assign it with requestSpecificationObject.request() method
   Example:
   Response response = httpRequest.Request(METHOD.GET, "/Hyderabad");
   Note: "/Hyderabad" is the parameter passed in GET request
4. The Response of the request invoked can be accessed using the response object
   Example:
   System.out.println(response.getResponseBody());

Notes:

For POST requests, we need to add the payload and header as below:
JSONObject requestPayload = new JSONObject();
requestPayload.put("FirstName", firstName);
requestPayload.put("LastName", lastName);
requestPayload.put("UserName", userName);
requestPayload.put("Password", password);
requestPayload.put("Email", emailId);

httpRequest.header("Content-Type", "application/json");
httpRequest.body(requestPayload.toJSONString());


API Testing using Rest Assured BDD Approach

Need to include the below static packages to perform simple REST API validations with BDD approach

import io.restassured.RestAssured.; import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.;

Both POST and GET methods can be invoked and validated

Supports both XML and JSON responses

Xpath can be used to verify XML responses

Mobile Automation using Appium:

Appium supports both Android and iOS automation

Works well for Native, Hybrid and mobile web browsers

Comes from selenium family

Softwares needed:

Android Studio for android mobile emulator

XCode for iOS mobile emulator

Appium Server

Appium Client

UI Automation Viewer - to identify elements in the mobile app

Android Studio

Android studio is required for creating mobile emulators

Need to set ANDROID_HOME environment variable

The UI Automation Viewer comes along with Android studio and is located under the below path

~/Android/Sdk/emulator/bin

Appium Server

Appium Server listens to Appium client for commands to perform on the mobile application under test

Appium Server is present in npm package and can be globally installed using the below command

npm install -g appium

Appium Server can be started by running the command appium in terminal

Appium runs on the 127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub location

Appium Client

Appium clients are available for all the languages supported by selenium

Dependency for Appium Java client can be used to work on Java language

When creating the driver for mobile automation, we need to tell the below information

Operating system in which the automation needs to be carried out

Emulator name (DEVICE_NAME) in which the automation needs to be performed

Application (APP) which needs to be launched on the mobile for automation

All these can be done using DesiredCapabilities object in Java as follows

    DesiredCapabilities capabilities = new DesiredCapabilities();

    //To tell Appium server whether to perform the automation on Android or iOS device, specify the framework name:
    capabilities.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.AUTOMATION_NAME, "uiautomator2");

    //Name of the emulator in android studio
    capabilities.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.DEVICE_NAME, "Pixel_3a_XL_API_28");

    //To tell Appium server which app to open:
    capabilities.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.APP, System.getProperty("user.dir") + "/apps/ApiDemos-debug.apk");


    //Driver object creation to perform the automation. Takes 2 arguments -
    AndroidDriver<AndroidElement> driver = new AndroidDriver<>(new URL("http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub"), capabilities);

Identification of elements displayed on the app are done using UI Automation Viewer tool

    driver.findElement(By.xpath("//android.widget.TextView[@text='Preference']")).click();
    driver.findElement(By.xpath("//android.widget.TextView[@text='3. Preference dependencies']")).click();
    driver.findElement(By.xpath("//android.widget.CheckBox[@resource-id='android:id/checkbox']")).click();
    driver.findElement(By.xpath("//android.widget.TextView[@text='WiFi settings']")).click();
    driver.findElement(By.xpath("//android.widget.EditText[@resource-id='android:id/edit']")).sendKeys("Some text goes here");
    driver.findElement(By.xpath("//android.widget.Button[@text='OK']")).click()

Touch Action

Appium supports performing gestures on the app - like long press, swipe, scroll, tap etc.,

TouchAction class's longPress method can be used to perform long press and drag operations

    TouchAction touch = new TouchAction(driver);

    touch.longPress(LongPressOptions.longPressOptions().withElement(element(source)).withDuration(Duration.ofSeconds(2))).moveTo(element(destination)).release().perform();

The longPress statement can also be written like below

touch.longPress(element(source)).moveTo(element(destination)).release().perform();

Using UIAndroidAutomator's UiScrollable method, we can scroll to a particular element on the screen

driver.findElementByAndroidUIAutomator("new UiScrollable(new UiSelector()).scrollIntoView(text(\"Visibility\"));");

driver.findElementByAndroidUIAutomator("new UiScrollable(new UiSelector()).scrollIntoView(text("Date Widgets"));");