chore: added exception as per rfc-9457 standards

src/main/java/com/twilio/exception/ApiException.java

@@ -71,6 +71,19 @@ public ApiException(final RestException restException) {
         this.details = restException.getDetails();
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Create a new API Exception from RFC-9457 Problem Details.
+     *
+     * @param restStandardException  the rest standard exception
+     */
+    public ApiException(final RestStandardException restStandardException) {
+        super(restStandardException.getTitle() + ": " + restStandardException.getDetail(), null);
+        this.code = restStandardException.getCode();
+        this.moreInfo = restStandardException.getType();
+        this.status = restStandardException.getStatus();
+        this.details = null;
+    }
+
     public Integer getCode() {
         return code;
     }

src/main/java/com/twilio/exception/RestStandardException.java

@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+package com.twilio.exception;
+
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonCreator;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonIgnoreProperties;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonProperty;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonParseException;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonMappingException;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * RFC-9457 Problem Details Exception.
+ *
+ * Represents error responses compliant with RFC-9457 (Problem Details for HTTP APIs).
+ * See https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9457.html for the specification.
+ */
+@JsonIgnoreProperties(ignoreUnknown = true)
+public class RestStandardException {
+
+    private final String type;
+    private final String title;
+    private final Integer status;
+    private final String detail;
+    private final String instance;
+    private final Integer code;
+    private final List<ValidationError> errors;
+
+    /**
+     * Represents a validation error for a specific field.
+     */
+    @JsonIgnoreProperties(ignoreUnknown = true)
+    public static class ValidationError {
+        private final String detail;
+        private final String pointer;
+
+        @JsonCreator
+        public ValidationError(
+                @JsonProperty("detail") final String detail,
+                @JsonProperty("pointer") final String pointer) {
+            this.detail = detail;
+            this.pointer = pointer;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Get the human-readable explanation of the validation error.
+         *
+         * @return validation error detail
+         */
+        public String getDetail() {
+            return detail;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Get the JSON Pointer (RFC 6901) to the location in the request where the error occurred.
+         *
+         * @return JSON pointer to the error location
+         */
+        public String getPointer() {
+            return pointer;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Initialize an RFC-9457 Problem Details Exception.
+     *
+     * @param type     URI reference identifying the problem type
+     * @param title    short, human-readable summary of the problem type
+     * @param status   HTTP status code
+     * @param detail   human-readable explanation specific to this occurrence
+     * @param instance URI reference identifying the specific occurrence
+     * @param code     Twilio-specific error code
+     * @param errors   array of validation errors for HTTP 400/422 responses
+     */
+    @JsonCreator
+    private RestStandardException(
+            @JsonProperty("code") final Integer code,
+            @JsonProperty("status") final Integer status,
+            @JsonProperty("type") final String type,
+            @JsonProperty("title") final String title,
+            @JsonProperty("detail") final String detail,
+            @JsonProperty("instance") final String instance,
+            @JsonProperty("errors") final List<ValidationError> errors) {
+        this.type = type;
+        this.title = title;
+        this.status = status;
+        this.code = code;
+        this.detail = detail == null ? "" : detail;
+        this.instance = instance == null ? "" : instance;
+        this.errors = errors == null ? Collections.emptyList() : errors;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Build an exception from a JSON blob.
+     *
+     * @param json         JSON blob
+     * @param objectMapper JSON reader
+     * @return Problem Exception as an object
+     */
+    public static RestStandardException fromJson(final InputStream json, final ObjectMapper objectMapper) {
+        try {
+            return objectMapper.readValue(json, RestStandardException.class);
+        } catch (final JsonMappingException | JsonParseException e) {
+            throw new ApiException(e.getMessage(), e);
+        } catch (final IOException e) {
+            throw new ApiConnectionException(e.getMessage(), e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the URI reference identifying the problem type.
+     *
+     * @return problem type URI
+     */
+    public String getType() {
+        return type;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the short, human-readable summary of the problem type.
+     *
+     * @return problem title
+     */
+    public String getTitle() {
+        return title;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the HTTP status code.
+     *
+     * @return HTTP status code
+     */
+    public Integer getStatus() {
+        return status;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the human-readable explanation specific to this occurrence.
+     *
+     * @return problem detail
+     */
+    public String getDetail() {
+        return detail;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the URI reference identifying the specific occurrence.
+     *
+     * @return instance URI
+     */
+    public String getInstance() {
+        return instance;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the Twilio-specific error code.
+     *
+     * @return Twilio error code
+     */
+    public Integer getCode() {
+        return code;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the array of validation errors for HTTP 400/422 responses.
+     *
+     * @return non-null list of validation errors (empty if none are present)
+     */
+    public List<ValidationError> getErrors() {
+        return errors;
+    }
+}

src/test/java/com/twilio/exception/RestStandardExceptionTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+package com.twilio.exception;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+
+public class RestStandardExceptionTest {
+
+    private static final ObjectMapper OBJECT_MAPPER = new ObjectMapper();
+
+    @Test
+    public void fromJsonWithAllFields() {
+        final String errorJson = "{\n" +
+                "  \"type\": \"https://www.twilio.com/docs/api/errors/20001\",\n" +
+                "  \"title\": \"Validation error\",\n" +
+                "  \"status\": 400,\n" +
+                "  \"detail\": \"The request contains invalid parameter values.\",\n" +
+                "  \"instance\": \"/v1/Accounts/AC123/Calls\",\n" +
+                "  \"code\": 20001,\n" +
+                "  \"errors\": [\n" +
+                "    {\n" +
+                "      \"detail\": \"The 'From' parameter is required but was not provided.\",\n" +
+                "      \"pointer\": \"#/From\"\n" +
+                "    },\n" +
+                "    {\n" +
+                "      \"detail\": \"must be a positive integer\",\n" +
+                "      \"pointer\": \"#/age\"\n" +
+                "    }\n" +
+                "  ]\n" +
+                "}";
+
+        final RestStandardException restStandardException = RestStandardException.fromJson(
+                new ByteArrayInputStream(errorJson.getBytes()), OBJECT_MAPPER);
+
+        assertEquals("https://www.twilio.com/docs/api/errors/20001", restStandardException.getType());
+        assertEquals("Validation error", restStandardException.getTitle());
+        assertEquals(400, (int) restStandardException.getStatus());
+        assertEquals("The request contains invalid parameter values.", restStandardException.getDetail());
+        assertEquals("/v1/Accounts/AC123/Calls", restStandardException.getInstance());
+        assertEquals(20001, (int) restStandardException.getCode());
+
+        assertNotNull(restStandardException.getErrors());
+        assertEquals(2, restStandardException.getErrors().size());
+
+        assertEquals("The 'From' parameter is required but was not provided.",
+                restStandardException.getErrors().get(0).getDetail());
+        assertEquals("#/From", restStandardException.getErrors().get(0).getPointer());
+
+        assertEquals("must be a positive integer", restStandardException.getErrors().get(1).getDetail());
+        assertEquals("#/age", restStandardException.getErrors().get(1).getPointer());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void fromJsonWithRequiredFieldsOnly() {
+        final String errorJson = "{\n" +
+                "  \"type\": \"https://www.twilio.com/docs/api/errors/20003\",\n" +
+                "  \"title\": \"Permission denied\",\n" +
+                "  \"status\": 403,\n" +
+                "  \"code\": 20003\n" +
+                "}";
+
+        final RestStandardException restStandardException = RestStandardException.fromJson(
+                new ByteArrayInputStream(errorJson.getBytes()), OBJECT_MAPPER);
+
+        assertEquals("https://www.twilio.com/docs/api/errors/20003", restStandardException.getType());
+        assertEquals("Permission denied", restStandardException.getTitle());
+        assertEquals(403, (int) restStandardException.getStatus());
+        assertEquals(20003, (int) restStandardException.getCode());
+
+        assertEquals("", restStandardException.getDetail());
+        assertEquals("", restStandardException.getInstance());
+
+        assertNotNull(restStandardException.getErrors());
+        assertEquals(0, restStandardException.getErrors().size());
+    }
+}