fix(engine): lockless waitpoint insert for batch items to eliminate lock contention

.server-changes/fix-batch-waitpoint-lock-contention.md

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+---
+area: webapp
+type: fix
+---
+
+Reduce lock contention when processing large `batchTriggerAndWait` batches. Previously, each batch item acquired a Redis lock on the parent run to insert a `TaskRunWaitpoint` row, causing `LockAcquisitionTimeoutError` with high concurrency (880 errors/24h in prod). Since `blockRunWithCreatedBatch` already transitions the parent to `EXECUTING_WITH_WAITPOINTS` before items are processed, the per-item lock is unnecessary. The new `blockRunWithWaitpointLockless` method performs only the idempotent CTE insert without acquiring the lock.

internal-packages/run-engine/src/engine/index.ts

@@ -728,17 +728,32 @@ export class RunEngine {
 
         //triggerAndWait or batchTriggerAndWait
         if (resumeParentOnCompletion && parentTaskRunId && taskRun.associatedWaitpoint) {
-          //this will block the parent run from continuing until this waitpoint is completed (and removed)
-          await this.waitpointSystem.blockRunWithWaitpoint({
-            runId: parentTaskRunId,
-            waitpoints: taskRun.associatedWaitpoint.id,
-            projectId: taskRun.associatedWaitpoint.projectId,
-            organizationId: environment.organization.id,
-            batch,
-            workerId,
-            runnerId,
-            tx: prisma,
-          });
+          if (batch) {
+            // Batch path: lockless insert. The parent is already EXECUTING_WITH_WAITPOINTS
+            // from blockRunWithCreatedBatch, so we only need to insert the TaskRunWaitpoint
+            // row without acquiring the parent run lock. This avoids lock contention when
+            // processing large batches with high concurrency.
+            await this.waitpointSystem.blockRunWithWaitpointLockless({
+              runId: parentTaskRunId,
+              waitpoints: taskRun.associatedWaitpoint.id,
+              projectId: taskRun.associatedWaitpoint.projectId,
+              batch,
+              tx: prisma,
+            });
+          } else {
+            // Single triggerAndWait: acquire the parent run lock to safely transition
+            // the snapshot and insert the waitpoint
+            await this.waitpointSystem.blockRunWithWaitpoint({
+              runId: parentTaskRunId,
+              waitpoints: taskRun.associatedWaitpoint.id,
+              projectId: taskRun.associatedWaitpoint.projectId,
+              organizationId: environment.organization.id,
+              batch,
+              workerId,
+              runnerId,
+              tx: prisma,
+            });
+          }
         }
 
         if (taskRun.delayUntil) {

internal-packages/run-engine/src/engine/systems/waitpointSystem.ts

@@ -525,6 +525,85 @@ export class WaitpointSystem {
     });
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Lockless version of blockRunWithWaitpoint for batch item processing.
+   *
+   * When processing batchTriggerAndWait items, blockRunWithCreatedBatch has already
+   * transitioned the parent run to EXECUTING_WITH_WAITPOINTS before any items are
+   * processed. Per-item calls to blockRunWithWaitpoint would all compete for the same
+   * parent run lock just to insert a TaskRunWaitpoint row — causing lock contention
+   * and LockAcquisitionTimeoutError with large batches.
+   *
+   * This method performs only the CTE insert (which is idempotent via ON CONFLICT DO
+   * NOTHING) and timeout scheduling, without acquiring the parent run lock.
+   */
+  async blockRunWithWaitpointLockless({
+    runId,
+    waitpoints,
+    projectId,
+    timeout,
+    spanIdToComplete,
+    batch,
+    tx,
+  }: {
+    runId: string;
+    waitpoints: string | string[];
+    projectId: string;
+    timeout?: Date;
+    spanIdToComplete?: string;
+    batch: { id: string; index?: number };
+    tx?: PrismaClientOrTransaction;
+  }): Promise<void> {
+    const prisma = tx ?? this.$.prisma;
+    const $waitpoints = typeof waitpoints === "string" ? [waitpoints] : waitpoints;
+
+    // Insert the blocking connections and the historical run connections.
+    // No lock needed: ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING makes concurrent inserts safe,
+    // and the parent snapshot is already EXECUTING_WITH_WAITPOINTS from
+    // blockRunWithCreatedBatch.
+    await prisma.$queryRaw`
+      WITH inserted AS (
+        INSERT INTO "TaskRunWaitpoint" ("id", "taskRunId", "waitpointId", "projectId", "createdAt", "updatedAt", "spanIdToComplete", "batchId", "batchIndex")
+        SELECT
+          gen_random_uuid(),
+          ${runId},
+          w.id,
+          ${projectId},
+          NOW(),
+          NOW(),
+          ${spanIdToComplete ?? null},
+          ${batch.id},
+          ${batch.index ?? null}
+        FROM "Waitpoint" w
+        WHERE w.id IN (${Prisma.join($waitpoints)})
+        ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING
+        RETURNING "waitpointId"
+      ),
+      connected_runs AS (
+        INSERT INTO "_WaitpointRunConnections" ("A", "B")
+        SELECT ${runId}, w.id
+        FROM "Waitpoint" w
+        WHERE w.id IN (${Prisma.join($waitpoints)})
+        ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING
+      )
+      SELECT COUNT(*) FROM inserted`;
+
+    // Schedule timeout jobs if needed
+    if (timeout) {
+      for (const waitpoint of $waitpoints) {
+        await this.$.worker.enqueue({
+          id: `finishWaitpoint.${waitpoint}`,
+          job: "finishWaitpoint",
+          payload: {
+            waitpointId: waitpoint,
+            error: JSON.stringify(timeoutError(timeout)),
+          },
+          availableAt: timeout,
+        });
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
   /**
    * Blocks a run with a waitpoint and immediately completes the waitpoint.
    *

internal-packages/run-engine/src/engine/tests/locking.test.ts

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import { trace } from "@internal/tracing";
 import { Logger } from "@trigger.dev/core/logger";
 
 describe("RunLocker", () => {
-  redisTest("Test acquiring a lock works", { timeout: 15_000 }, async ({ redisOptions }) => {
+  redisTest("Test acquiring a lock works", { timeout: 60_000 }, async ({ redisOptions }) => {
     const redis = createRedisClient(redisOptions);
     const logger = new Logger("RunLockTest", "debug");
     const runLock = new RunLocker({