🚨 [security] Update next 16.2.4 → 16.2.6 (patch)

[depfu]

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🚨 Your current dependencies have known security vulnerabilities 🚨

This dependency update fixes known security vulnerabilities. Please see the details below and assess their impact carefully. We recommend to merge and deploy this as soon as possible!

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Here is everything you need to know about this upgrade. Please take a good look at what changed and the test results before merging this pull request.

What changed?

✳️ next (16.2.4 → 16.2.6) · Repo

Security Advisories 🚨

🚨 Next.js Vulnerable to Denial of Service with Server Components

A vulnerability affects certain React Server Components packages for versions 19.x and frameworks that use the affected packages, including Next.js 13.x, 14.x, 15.x, and 16.x using the App Router. The issue is tracked upstream as CVE-2026-23870.

A specially crafted HTTP request can be sent to any App Router Server Function endpoint that, when deserialized, may trigger excessive CPU usage. This can result in denial of service in unpatched environments.

🚨 Next.js has a Middleware / Proxy bypass in Pages Router applications using i18n

Impact

Applications using the Pages Router with i18n configured and middleware/proxy-based authorization can allow unauthorized access to protected page data through locale-less /_next/data/<buildId>/<page>.json requests. In affected configurations, middleware does not run for the unprefixed data route, allowing an attacker to retrieve SSR JSON for protected pages without passing the intended authorization checks.

Fix

The matcher logic was updated to perform the same match as it would on a non-i18n data route.

Workarounds

If you cannot upgrade immediately, enforce authorization in the page's server-side data path instead of relying solely on middleware.

🚨 Next.js has a Middleware / Proxy bypass in App Router applications via segment-prefetch routes

Impact

App Router applications that rely on middleware or proxy-based checks for authorization can allow unauthorized access through transport-specific route variants used for segment prefetching. In affected configurations, specially crafted .rsc and segment-prefetch URLs can resolve to the same page without being matched by the intended middleware rule, which can allow protected content to be reached without the expected authorization check.

Fix

We now include App Router transport variants when generating middleware matchers, so middleware protections are applied consistently to those requests as well as to the normal page URL.

Workarounds

If you cannot upgrade immediately, enforce authorization in the underlying route or page logic instead of relying solely on middleware.

🚨 Next.js vulnerable to cache poisoning in React Server Component responses

Impact

Applications using React Server Components can be vulnerable to cache poisoning when shared caches do not correctly partition response variants. Under affected conditions, an attacker can cause an RSC response to be served from the original URL and poison shared cache entries so later visitors receive component payloads instead of the expected HTML.

Fix

We now validate and interpret RSC request headers consistently across request classification and rendering, and we enforce the intended cache-busting behavior so RSC payloads are not unexpectedly served from the original URL.

Workarounds

If you cannot upgrade immediately, ensure your CDN or reverse proxy keys on the relevant RSC request headers and honors Vary, or disable shared caching for affected App Router and RSC responses.

🚨 Next.js has a Middleware / Proxy bypass through dynamic route parameter injection

Impact

Applications that rely on middleware to protect dynamic routes can be vulnerable to authorization bypass. In affected deployments, specially crafted query parameters can alter the dynamic route value seen by the page while leaving the visible path unchanged, which can allow protected content to be rendered without passing the expected middleware check.

Fix

We now only honor internal route-parameter normalization in trusted routing flows and ignore externally supplied parameter encodings that should never have been accepted from ordinary requests.

Workarounds

If you cannot upgrade immediately, enforce authorization in route or page logic instead of relying solely on middleware path matching.

🚨 Next.js vulnerable to server-side request forgery in applications using WebSocket upgrades

Impact

Self-hosted applications using the built-in Node.js server can be vulnerable to server-side request forgery through crafted WebSocket upgrade requests. An attacker can cause the server to proxy requests to arbitrary internal or external destinations, which may expose internal services or cloud metadata endpoints. Vercel-hosted deployments are not affected.

Fix

We now apply the same safety checks to WebSocket upgrade handling that already existed for normal HTTP requests, so upgrade requests are only proxied when routing has explicitly marked them as safe external rewrites.

Workarounds

If you cannot upgrade immediately, do not expose the origin server directly to untrusted networks. If WebSocket upgrades are not required, block them at your reverse proxy or load balancer, and restrict origin egress to internal networks and metadata services where possible.

🚨 Next.js has a Denial of Service in the Image Optimization API

Impact

When self-hosting Next.js with the default image loader, the Image Optimization API fetches local images entirely into memory without enforcing a maximum size limit. An attacker could cause out-of-memory conditions by requesting large local assets from the /_next/image endpoint that match the images.localPatterns configuration (by default, all patterns are allowed).

• If you are using images.localPatterns, only the patterns in that array are impacted.
• If you are using images.unoptimized: true, you are NOT impacted.
• If you are using images.loader: 'custom', you are NOT impacted.
• If you are using Vercel, you are NOT impacted.

Fix

We now apply response size limits consistently to internal image fetches, not just external ones, and fail oversized responses before they can exhaust process memory.

This can be adjusted using the images.maximumResponseBody configuration.

Workarounds

If you cannot upgrade immediately, avoid routing large local assets through /_next/image, disable image optimization for large or untrusted local files, or block image optimization access to those assets at the edge.

You can disable using the images.localPatterns: [] configuration. This will still allow fetching remote images (which is not impacted).

🚨 Next.js vulnerable to Denial of Service via connection exhaustion in applications using Cache Components

Impact

Applications using Partial Prerendering through the Cache Components feature can be vulnerable to connection exhaustion through crafted POST requests to a server action. In affected configurations, a malicious request can trigger a request-body handling deadlock that leaves connections open for an extended period, consuming file descriptors and server capacity until legitimate users are denied service.

Fix

We now treat the header used for resuming Partial Prerendered requests as an internal-only header and strip it from untrusted incoming requests. This header should never be accepted directly from external clients.

Workarounds

If you cannot upgrade immediately, block requests that would be handled by Next.js if they contain the Next-Resume header at the edge.

🚨 Next.js has cross-site scripting in beforeInteractive scripts with untrusted input

Impact

Applications that use beforeInteractive scripts together with untrusted content can be vulnerable to cross-site scripting. In affected versions, serialized script content was not escaped safely before being embedded into the document, which could allow attacker-controlled input to break out of the intended script context and execute arbitrary JavaScript in a visitor's browser.

Fix

We now HTML-escape serialized beforeInteractive script content before embedding it into the page, preventing attacker-controlled content from breaking out of the inline script boundary.

Workarounds

If you cannot upgrade immediately, do not pass untrusted data into beforeInteractive scripts. If that pattern is unavoidable, sanitize or escape the content before embedding it.

🚨 Next.js vulnerable to cache poisoning via collisions in React Server Component cache-busting

Impact

React Server Component responses can be vulnerable to cache poisoning in deployments that rely on shared caches with insufficient response partitioning. In affected conditions, collisions in the _rsc cache-busting value can allow an attacker to poison cache entries so users receive the wrong response variant for a given URL.

Fix

We strengthened the _rsc cache-busting mechanism to make practical collisions significantly harder and to better separate response variants that should not share cache entries.

Workarounds

If you cannot upgrade immediately, ensure intermediary caches correctly honor Vary for RSC-related request headers, or disable shared caching for affected RSC responses until you can deploy a patched release.

🚨 Next.js vulnerable to cross-site scripting in App Router applications using CSP nonces

Impact

App Router applications that rely on CSP nonces can be vulnerable to stored cross-site scripting when deployed behind shared caches. In affected versions, malformed nonce values derived from request headers could be reflected into rendered HTML in an unsafe way, allowing an attacker to poison cached responses and cause script execution for later visitors.

Fix

We now reject or ignore malformed nonce values before they are embedded into HTML and apply stricter nonce sanitization so request-derived nonce data cannot break out of the intended attribute context.

Workarounds

If you cannot upgrade immediately, strip inbound Content-Security-Policy request headers from untrusted traffic.

🚨 Next.js's Middleware / Proxy redirects can be cache-poisoned

Impact

Next.js uses the x-nextjs-data request header for internal data requests. On affected versions, an external client could send this header on a normal request to a path handled by middleware that returns a redirect.

When that happened, the middleware/proxy could treat the request as a data request and replace the standard Location redirect header with the internal x-nextjs-redirect header. Browsers do not follow x-nextjs-redirect, so the response became an unusable redirect for normal clients.

If the application was deployed behind a CDN or reverse proxy that caches 3xx responses without varying on this header, a single attacker request could poison the cached redirect response for the affected path. Subsequent visitors could then receive a cached redirect response without a Location header, causing a denial of service for that redirect path until the cache entry expired or was purged.

Affected scenarios

This affects applications that:

• use middleware or proxy redirects
• are deployed behind a caching CDN or reverse proxy
• allow 3xx responses on those paths to be cached without differentiating internal data requests from normal requests

Fix

The fix stops trusting x-nextjs-data by itself for middleware redirect handling. A request is now treated as an internal data request only when it is validated as such by internal routing state, preserving legitimate data-request redirect behavior while preventing external header injection from changing normal redirect responses.

Workarounds

Before upgrading, users can reduce risk by:

• configuring the CDN or reverse proxy to vary its cache key on x-nextjs-data for affected responses

🚨 Next.js has a Middleware / Proxy bypass in App Router applications via segment-prefetch routes - Incomplete Fix Follow-Up

Impact

It was found that the fix addressing CVE-2026-44575 did not apply to middleware.ts with Turbopack. Refer to CVE-2026-44575 for further details.

References

• CVE CVE-2026-44575

Release Notes

16.2.6

This release contains security fixes for the following advisories:

High:

• GHSA-8h8q-6873-q5fj: Denial of Service with Server Components
• GHSA-267c-6grr-h53f: Middleware / Proxy bypass in App Router applications via segment-prefetch routes
• GHSA-26hh-7cqf-hhc6: Middleware / Proxy bypass in App Router applications via segment-prefetch routes - Incomplete Fix Follow-Up
• GHSA-mg66-mrh9-m8jx: Denial of Service via connection exhaustion in applications using Cache Components
• GHSA-492v-c6pp-mqqv: Middleware / Proxy bypass through dynamic route parameter injection
• GHSA-c4j6-fc7j-m34r: Server-side request forgery in applications using WebSocket upgrades
• GHSA-36qx-fr4f-26g5: Middleware / Proxy bypass in Pages Router applications using i18n

Moderate:

• GHSA-ffhc-5mcf-pf4q: Cross-site scripting in App Router applications using CSP nonces
• GHSA-gx5p-jg67-6x7h: Cross-site scripting in beforeInteractive scripts with untrusted input
• GHSA-h64f-5h5j-jqjh: Denial of Service in the Image Optimization API
• GHSA-wfc6-r584-vfw7: Cache poisoning in React Server Component responses

Low:

• GHSA-vfv6-92ff-j949: Cache poisoning via collisions in React Server Component cache-busting
• GHSA-3g8h-86w9-wvmq: Middleware / Proxy redirects can be cache-poisoned

16.2.5

This release contains security fixes for the following advisories:

High:

• GHSA-8h8q-6873-q5fj: Denial of Service with Server Components
• GHSA-267c-6grr-h53f: Middleware / Proxy bypass in App Router applications via segment-prefetch routes
• GHSA-mg66-mrh9-m8jx: Denial of Service via connection exhaustion in applications using Cache Components
• GHSA-492v-c6pp-mqqv: Middleware / Proxy bypass through dynamic route parameter injection
• GHSA-c4j6-fc7j-m34r: Server-side request forgery in applications using WebSocket upgrades
• GHSA-36qx-fr4f-26g5: Middleware / Proxy bypass in Pages Router applications using i18n

Moderate:

• GHSA-ffhc-5mcf-pf4q: Cross-site scripting in App Router applications using CSP nonces
• GHSA-gx5p-jg67-6x7h: Cross-site scripting in beforeInteractive scripts with untrusted input
• GHSA-h64f-5h5j-jqjh: Denial of Service in the Image Optimization API
• GHSA-wfc6-r584-vfw7: Cache poisoning in React Server Component responses

Low:

• GHSA-vfv6-92ff-j949: Cache poisoning via collisions in React Server Component cache-busting
• GHSA-3g8h-86w9-wvmq: Middleware / Proxy redirects can be cache-poisoned

Does any of this look wrong? Please let us know.

Commits

See the full diff on Github. The new version differs by 36 commits:

• v16.2.6
• Turbopack: Match proxy matchers with webpack implementation (#93594)
• Turbopack: Fix middleware matcher suffix (#93590)
• [backport] Disable build caches for production/staging/force-preview deploys (#93586)
• [backport][test] Pin package manager to patch versions (#93595)
• [backport] Turbopack: more strict vergen setup (#93587)
• v16.2.5
• fix: add explicit checks for RSC header (#83) (#98)
• fix proxy matching for segment prefetch URLs (#89) (#96)
• Strip next-resume header from incoming requests (#92)
• fix: skip internal param normalization in unsupported environments
• Move htmlescape to shared/lib (#91)
• Ignore malformed CSP nonce headers
• router-server: guard upgrade proxy against absolute-url SSRF (#77)
• Fix i18n middleware matching for default-locale data routes (#82)
• [16.x] Type hardening and performance improvements (#80)
• Escape properties for beforeInteractive scripts (#86)
• [backport] fix: preserve HTTP access fallbacks during prerender recovery (#93470)
• [backport] [test] Deflake `instant-navs-devtools` (#93534)
• [backport] Fix double-encoding of URL pathname parts in client param parsing (#93506)
• [backport] fix accidental test duplication (#93507)
• [backport] Include deployment id in `cacheHandlers` keys (#93471)
• CI: Download and run self-contained datadog-ci instead of using pnpm dlx or npx (#92546)
• [ci]: trigger signed release commit via API (#93285)
• [ci]: app-based release workflow (#93245)
• [ci]: add environment to publishRelease flow (#93093)
• [ci]: remove publish token in favor of OIDC (#93065)
• Fix fallback route params case in app-page handler (#93109)
• [ci]: switch to GitHub runners (#93164)
• Fix invalid HTML response for route-level RSC requests in deployment adapter (#91541)
• [tests]: fix cache-components.test.ts type error (#93113)
• test: scope css data-url typing to fixture (#91877)
• Patch setHeader for direct route handlers (#93101)
• Strengthen _rsc cache-busting param (#92755)
• fix(next/image): ensure `images.maximumResponseBody` applies to local images too (#92920)
• Ensure x-nextjs-data header is only set during resolve (#92752)

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Walkthrough

This PR updates the Next.js dependency version from 16.2.4 to 16.2.6 across two playground configurations. The next dependency in playgrounds/nextjs/package.json (line 13) and playgrounds/v3/package.json (line 12) are both updated to the newer patch version. No other dependencies, scripts, or configuration entries are modified.

🚥 Pre-merge checks | ✅ 4

✅ Passed checks (4 passed)

Check name	Status	Explanation
Title check	✅ Passed	The title clearly and specifically summarizes the main change: updating the Next.js dependency from version 16.2.4 to 16.2.6 as a security patch.
Linked Issues check	✅ Passed	Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Out of Scope Changes check	✅ Passed	Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Description check	✅ Passed	The PR description clearly details security vulnerabilities being fixed by updating Next.js from 16.2.4 to 16.2.6, with comprehensive advisories and release notes.

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Confidence Score: 5/5

Safe to merge — the change is a straightforward patch bump of a playground dependency with no logic changes.

Only two package.json files and the lockfile are touched; all changes are mechanical version-string and integrity-hash updates. These playground packages are not published and do not affect the core Tailwind CSS library. The lockfile diff is internally consistent, and no production code paths are modified.

No files require special attention.

_{Reviews (2): Last reviewed commit: "Update next to version 16.2.6" | Re-trigger Greptile}

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