|
| 1 | +--- |
| 2 | +title: Modernization of a Multi-Organization E-commerce Platform to a Microservices Architecture |
| 3 | +summary: Evolution of a proprietary, production-grade sales management platform developed and operated for over a decade, transitioning toward explicit architectural boundaries, a BFF layer, and long-term microservices transformation. |
| 4 | +category: Stabilization & Refactoring |
| 5 | +featured: true |
| 6 | +priority: 95 |
| 7 | +tags: ["legacy modernization", "monolith", "microservices", "refactoring", "bff", "e-commerce", "operational platform", "system architecture"] |
| 8 | +links: |
| 9 | + - label: Architecture showcase (GitHub) |
| 10 | + href: "https://github.com/rocketdeploy-dev/showcase-commerce-platform-modernization" |
| 11 | + kind: deep-dive |
| 12 | + - label: Let’s talk |
| 13 | + href: "/en/contact/" |
| 14 | + kind: cta |
| 15 | +--- |
| 16 | + |
| 17 | +## System Context |
| 18 | + |
| 19 | +This project concerns the modernization of a **proprietary online sales management platform**, designed and continuously developed by our team for approximately 10 years. |
| 20 | + |
| 21 | +The system was originally built as an internal operational platform supporting a network of online stores operating across multiple European Union countries. |
| 22 | + |
| 23 | +The platform serves as a centralized sales and integration system, enabling: |
| 24 | + |
| 25 | +- integration of multiple online stores, |
| 26 | +- integration with marketplaces (e.g., Amazon, eBay), |
| 27 | +- order lifecycle management, |
| 28 | +- shipping and carrier integrations, |
| 29 | +- inventory and warehouse management, |
| 30 | +- returns processing, |
| 31 | +- service and warranty workflows, |
| 32 | +- product listing management, |
| 33 | +- invoice generation, |
| 34 | +- operational reporting and analytics. |
| 35 | + |
| 36 | +The system is multi-organization by design. Within a single instance, multiple organizations can operate independently, each with: |
| 37 | + |
| 38 | +- their own sales platform integrations, |
| 39 | +- their own operational configuration, |
| 40 | +- their own user structure and permissions. |
| 41 | + |
| 42 | +Within each organization, users operate under different access levels and operational roles. |
| 43 | + |
| 44 | +The platform also automatically sends transactional and operational emails to customers and internal staff, functioning as a central operational communication hub. |
| 45 | + |
| 46 | +--- |
| 47 | + |
| 48 | +## Why a Monolith Was the Right Decision 10 Years Ago |
| 49 | + |
| 50 | +At the time of initial design: |
| 51 | + |
| 52 | +- microservices architectures were not yet operational standards for mid-scale platforms, |
| 53 | +- container orchestration infrastructure was not widely adopted, |
| 54 | +- delivery speed and operational stability were primary objectives, |
| 55 | +- the operational team required a single cohesive system to manage sales workflows. |
| 56 | + |
| 57 | +Building a modular monolith was a deliberate architectural choice: |
| 58 | + |
| 59 | +- a single deployable artifact, |
| 60 | +- a shared runtime, |
| 61 | +- a shared relational database, |
| 62 | +- simplified deployments, |
| 63 | +- full control over operational flows. |
| 64 | + |
| 65 | +Over the years, this approach proved its business effectiveness. |
| 66 | + |
| 67 | +The system was not experimental — it was a real operational tool supporting sales and logistics at scale. |
| 68 | + |
| 69 | +--- |
| 70 | + |
| 71 | +## Why Modernization Is Necessary Today |
| 72 | + |
| 73 | +After a decade of evolution, the system reached a natural architectural inflection point. |
| 74 | + |
| 75 | +### 1. Increasing Integration Density |
| 76 | + |
| 77 | +The platform integrates with: |
| 78 | + |
| 79 | +- online stores, |
| 80 | +- marketplaces, |
| 81 | +- carriers, |
| 82 | +- invoicing systems, |
| 83 | +- communication mechanisms. |
| 84 | + |
| 85 | +Over time, integration logic increased in density within key domain areas. |
| 86 | + |
| 87 | +Formalizing boundaries became necessary to: |
| 88 | + |
| 89 | +- reduce change blast radius, |
| 90 | +- improve separation of concerns, |
| 91 | +- enable independent evolution of high-I/O domains. |
| 92 | + |
| 93 | +--- |
| 94 | + |
| 95 | +### 2. Shared Runtime Across Multiple Execution Contexts |
| 96 | + |
| 97 | +The system handles: |
| 98 | + |
| 99 | +- interactive HTTP requests, |
| 100 | +- batch operations, |
| 101 | +- scheduled scripts, |
| 102 | +- deferred queue processing. |
| 103 | + |
| 104 | +All of these execution paths share the same application runtime. |
| 105 | + |
| 106 | +While historically operationally efficient, this model now limits flexibility and scalability. |
| 107 | + |
| 108 | +--- |
| 109 | + |
| 110 | +### 3. Need for a Clear Frontend Boundary |
| 111 | + |
| 112 | +Originally, the system functioned as a server-rendered operational interface. |
| 113 | + |
| 114 | +Current requirements include: |
| 115 | + |
| 116 | +- introducing a SPA layer, |
| 117 | +- separating frontend contracts from internal domain models, |
| 118 | +- establishing a Backend-for-Frontend (BFF) boundary. |
| 119 | + |
| 120 | +The BFF is treated as a core architectural component, not merely an HTTP adapter. |
| 121 | + |
| 122 | +--- |
| 123 | + |
| 124 | +## Transformation Strategy |
| 125 | + |
| 126 | +Modernization is led by the same team that designed and evolved the platform over the past decade. |
| 127 | + |
| 128 | +The approach is evolutionary, not disruptive. |
| 129 | + |
| 130 | +### Phase 1 – Boundary Formalization |
| 131 | + |
| 132 | +- separating orchestration from state transitions, |
| 133 | +- isolating integration adapters, |
| 134 | +- introducing explicit contracts between layers. |
| 135 | + |
| 136 | +The priority is establishing clarity before introducing physical service separation. |
| 137 | + |
| 138 | +--- |
| 139 | + |
| 140 | +### Phase 2 – Extraction of High I/O Domains |
| 141 | + |
| 142 | +Selected domain areas will be extracted into independent services. |
| 143 | + |
| 144 | +Extraction sequencing is based on: |
| 145 | + |
| 146 | +- integration density, |
| 147 | +- orchestration complexity, |
| 148 | +- change risk and operational impact. |
| 149 | + |
| 150 | +This marks the beginning of the transition toward a microservices architecture. |
| 151 | + |
| 152 | +--- |
| 153 | + |
| 154 | +### Phase 3 – Introduction of a BFF Layer |
| 155 | + |
| 156 | +Before full SPA migration: |
| 157 | + |
| 158 | +- existing JSON endpoints are formalized as contract boundaries, |
| 159 | +- the BFF layer assumes responsibility for response shaping, |
| 160 | +- frontend evolution becomes decoupled from domain internals. |
| 161 | + |
| 162 | +--- |
| 163 | + |
| 164 | +### Phase 4 – Microservices Architecture Transformation |
| 165 | + |
| 166 | +The target architecture includes: |
| 167 | + |
| 168 | +- domain-focused independent services, |
| 169 | +- dedicated execution contexts, |
| 170 | +- separation between batch processing and interactive flows, |
| 171 | +- independent scaling capabilities. |
| 172 | + |
| 173 | +The transformation is conducted under live production conditions. |
| 174 | + |
| 175 | +--- |
| 176 | + |
| 177 | +### Phase 5 – AI-Assisted Operational Augmentation |
| 178 | + |
| 179 | +In the long term, the system will be extended with AI-assisted decision support. |
| 180 | + |
| 181 | +AI will: |
| 182 | + |
| 183 | +- operate exclusively on explicit contracts, |
| 184 | +- generate recommendations and summaries, |
| 185 | +- assist operational decisions, |
| 186 | +- remain an augmentation layer rather than an execution authority. |
| 187 | + |
| 188 | +--- |
| 189 | + |
| 190 | +## Key Architectural Decisions |
| 191 | + |
| 192 | +- Modernization under active production usage. |
| 193 | +- Operational continuity prioritized over rapid refactoring. |
| 194 | +- Focus on boundary definition before runtime isolation. |
| 195 | +- Extraction sequencing based on integration density rather than folder structure. |
| 196 | +- Early establishment of contracts before service-level separation. |
| 197 | + |
| 198 | +--- |
| 199 | + |
| 200 | +## Current State |
| 201 | + |
| 202 | +The system remains fully operational. |
| 203 | + |
| 204 | +Modernization is incremental: |
| 205 | + |
| 206 | +- boundaries are being formalized, |
| 207 | +- contracts are being strengthened, |
| 208 | +- initial extraction candidates are being prepared. |
| 209 | + |
| 210 | +This case study reflects a real production trajectory rather than an idealized end state. |
| 211 | + |
| 212 | +--- |
| 213 | + |
| 214 | +## Current Outcome |
| 215 | + |
| 216 | +The project demonstrates: |
| 217 | + |
| 218 | +- responsible modernization of a production system, |
| 219 | +- architectural evolution without operational disruption, |
| 220 | +- long-term system thinking guided by domain continuity. |
| 221 | + |
| 222 | +This is not a greenfield rewrite. |
| 223 | + |
| 224 | +It is a production-proven operational platform being transformed in a controlled, contract-driven manner by the team that designed and operated it from inception. |
| 225 | + |
| 226 | +--- |
| 227 | + |
| 228 | +## Architecture showcase (GitHub) |
| 229 | + |
| 230 | +This case study describes the **context, evolution, and transformation strategy** of the system. |
| 231 | + |
| 232 | +If you want to explore further — to see: |
| 233 | +- how the modular monolith is structured today, |
| 234 | +- which boundaries have been identified and formalized, |
| 235 | +- how domain extraction toward microservices is sequenced, |
| 236 | +- what architectural decisions and trade-offs guide the transformation, |
| 237 | + |
| 238 | +we have prepared a dedicated **architecture showcase**. |
| 239 | + |
| 240 | +The repository includes: |
| 241 | + |
| 242 | +- runtime architecture and execution context description, |
| 243 | +- module and integration mapping, |
| 244 | +- step-by-step modernization model, |
| 245 | +- domain boundary analysis, |
| 246 | +- operational and evolutionary design considerations, |
| 247 | + |
| 248 | +without exposing business logic or sensitive data. |
| 249 | + |
| 250 | +👉 **Architecture showcase (GitHub)** |
| 251 | +https://github.com/rocketdeploy-dev/showcase-commerce-platform-modernization |
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