portabletext · christianhg · Feb 23, 2026 · Feb 16, 2026 · Feb 16, 2026 · Feb 16, 2026
diff --git a/.changeset/vendor-slate.md b/.changeset/vendor-slate.md
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+---
+'@portabletext/editor': minor
+---
+
+feat: internalize Slate
+
+The Slate framework (`slate`, `slate-dom`, and `slate-react`) is now vendored directly into the package source. This removes the external Slate dependencies entirely.
+
+Why: Slate's public API constrains how we can evolve the editor's internal data model and operation handling. By owning the code, we can make targeted changes to normalization, node identity, and rendering without waiting for upstream changes or working around limitations.
+
+This change comes with no public API changes and the editor's external behavior is unchanged as well.
diff --git a/packages/editor/eslint.config.js b/packages/editor/eslint.config.js
@@ -3,7 +3,15 @@ import {globalIgnores} from 'eslint/config'
 import tseslint from 'typescript-eslint'
 
 export default tseslint.config([
-  globalIgnores(['coverage', 'dist', 'lib', '**/__tests__/**']),
+  globalIgnores([
+    'coverage',
+    'dist',
+    'lib',
+    '**/__tests__/**',
+    'src/slate/**',
+    'src/slate-dom/**',
+    'src/slate-react/**',
+  ]),
   reactHooks.configs.flat.recommended,
   {
     files: ['src/**/*.{cjs,mjs,js,jsx,ts,tsx}'],

diff --git a/packages/editor/package.config.ts b/packages/editor/package.config.ts
@@ -24,6 +24,12 @@ export default defineConfig({
     noImplicitSideEffects: 'error',
   },
   babel: {reactCompiler: true},
-  reactCompilerOptions: {target: '19'},
+  reactCompilerOptions: {
+    target: '19',
+    sources: (filename: string) =>
+      !filename.includes('/src/slate/') &&
+      !filename.includes('/src/slate-dom/') &&
+      !filename.includes('/src/slate-react/'),
+  },
   dts: 'rolldown',
 })
diff --git a/packages/editor/package.json b/packages/editor/package.json
@@ -84,6 +84,7 @@
     "test:watch": "vitest"
   },
   "dependencies": {
+    "@juggle/resize-observer": "^3.4.0",
     "@portabletext/block-tools": "workspace:^",
     "@portabletext/keyboard-shortcuts": "workspace:^",
     "@portabletext/markdown": "workspace:^",
@@ -94,9 +95,8 @@
     "@sanity/types": "^5.9.0",
     "@xstate/react": "^6.0.0",
     "debug": "^4.4.3",
-    "slate": "^0.120.0",
-    "slate-dom": "^0.119.0",
-    "slate-react": "^0.120.0",
+    "is-hotkey": "^0.2.0",
+    "scroll-into-view-if-needed": "^3.1.0",
     "xstate": "^5.25.0"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
@@ -106,6 +106,7 @@
     "@sanity/pkg-utils": "^10.2.1",
     "@sanity/tsconfig": "^2.1.0",
     "@types/debug": "^4.1.12",
+    "@types/is-hotkey": "^0.1.10",
     "@types/node": "^20",
     "@types/react": "^19.2.7",
     "@types/react-dom": "^19.2.3",

diff --git a/packages/editor/src/editor/Editable.tsx b/packages/editor/src/editor/Editable.tsx
@@ -11,19 +11,19 @@ import {
   type KeyboardEvent,
   type TextareaHTMLAttributes,
 } from 'react'
-import {Editor, Transforms, type Text} from 'slate'
+import {debug} from '../internal-utils/debug'
+import {getEventPosition} from '../internal-utils/event-position'
+import {normalizeSelection} from '../internal-utils/selection'
+import {slateRangeToSelection} from '../internal-utils/slate-utils'
+import {toSlateRange} from '../internal-utils/to-slate-range'
+import {Editor, Transforms, type Text} from '../slate'
 import {
   ReactEditor,
   Editable as SlateEditable,
   useSlate,
   type RenderElementProps,
   type RenderLeafProps,
-} from 'slate-react'
-import {debug} from '../internal-utils/debug'
-import {getEventPosition} from '../internal-utils/event-position'
-import {normalizeSelection} from '../internal-utils/selection'
-import {slateRangeToSelection} from '../internal-utils/slate-utils'
-import {toSlateRange} from '../internal-utils/to-slate-range'
+} from '../slate-react'
 import type {
   EditorSelection,
   OnCopyFn,

diff --git a/packages/editor/src/editor/create-editable-api.ts b/packages/editor/src/editor/create-editable-api.ts
@@ -4,8 +4,6 @@ import {
   type PortableTextChild,
   type PortableTextObject,
 } from '@portabletext/schema'
-import {Editor, Range, Text, Transforms} from 'slate'
-import {ReactEditor} from 'slate-react'
 import {
   isListItemActive,
   isStyleActive,
@@ -18,6 +16,8 @@ import {getFocusBlock} from '../selectors/selector.get-focus-block'
 import {getFocusSpan} from '../selectors/selector.get-focus-span'
 import {getSelectedValue} from '../selectors/selector.get-selected-value'
 import {isActiveAnnotation} from '../selectors/selector.is-active-annotation'
+import {Editor, Range, Text, Transforms} from '../slate'
+import {ReactEditor} from '../slate-react'
 import type {
   EditableAPI,
   EditableAPIDeleteOptions,

diff --git a/packages/editor/src/editor/create-slate-editor.tsx b/packages/editor/src/editor/create-slate-editor.tsx
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
-import {createEditor, type Descendant} from 'slate'
-import {withReact} from 'slate-react'
 import {buildIndexMaps} from '../internal-utils/build-index-maps'
 import {createPlaceholderBlock} from '../internal-utils/create-placeholder-block'
 import {debug} from '../internal-utils/debug'
+import {createEditor, type Descendant} from '../slate'
 import {plugins} from '../slate-plugins/slate-plugins'
+import {withReact} from '../slate-react'
 import type {PortableTextSlateEditor} from '../types/slate-editor'
 import type {EditorActor} from './editor-machine'
 import type {RelayActor} from './relay-machine'

diff --git a/packages/editor/src/editor/editor-dom.ts b/packages/editor/src/editor/editor-dom.ts
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-import {Editor} from 'slate'
-import {DOMEditor} from 'slate-dom'
 import type {BehaviorEvent} from '../behaviors/behavior.types.event'
 import {toSlateRange} from '../internal-utils/to-slate-range'
 import {getSelectionEndBlock, getSelectionStartBlock} from '../selectors'
+import {Editor} from '../slate'
+import {DOMEditor} from '../slate-dom'
 import type {PickFromUnion} from '../type-utils'
 import type {PortableTextSlateEditor} from '../types/slate-editor'
 import type {EditorSnapshot} from './editor-snapshot'

diff --git a/packages/editor/src/editor/editor-machine.ts b/packages/editor/src/editor/editor-machine.ts
@@ -1,8 +1,5 @@
 import type {Patch} from '@portabletext/patches'
 import type {PortableTextBlock} from '@portabletext/schema'
-import {Transforms} from 'slate'
-import {EDITOR_TO_PENDING_SELECTION} from 'slate-dom'
-import {ReactEditor} from 'slate-react'
 import {
   assertEvent,
   assign,
@@ -22,6 +19,9 @@ import type {Converter} from '../converters/converter.types'
 import {debug} from '../internal-utils/debug'
 import type {EventPosition} from '../internal-utils/event-position'
 import {sortByPriority} from '../priority/priority.sort'
+import {Transforms} from '../slate'
+import {EDITOR_TO_PENDING_SELECTION} from '../slate-dom'
+import {ReactEditor} from '../slate-react'
 import type {NamespaceEvent, OmitFromUnion} from '../type-utils'
 import type {
   EditorSelection,

diff --git a/packages/editor/src/editor/editor-provider.tsx b/packages/editor/src/editor/editor-provider.tsx
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 import type React from 'react'
 import {useEffect, useState} from 'react'
-import {Slate} from 'slate-react'
 import type {EditorConfig} from '../editor'
 import {stopActor} from '../internal-utils/stop-actor'
+import {Slate} from '../slate-react'
 import {createInternalEditor} from './create-editor'
 import {EditorActorContext} from './editor-actor-context'
 import {EditorContext} from './editor-context'

diff --git a/packages/editor/src/editor/mutation-machine.ts b/packages/editor/src/editor/mutation-machine.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 import type {Patch} from '@portabletext/patches'
 import type {PortableTextBlock} from '@portabletext/schema'
-import {Editor} from 'slate'
 import type {ActorRefFrom} from 'xstate'
 import {
   and,
@@ -15,6 +14,7 @@ import {
   type AnyEventObject,
 } from 'xstate'
 import {debug} from '../internal-utils/debug'
+import {Editor} from '../slate'
 import type {PortableTextSlateEditor} from '../types/slate-editor'
 import type {EditorSchema} from './editor-schema'
 import type {PatchEvent} from './relay-machine'

diff --git a/packages/editor/src/editor/perform-hotkey.ts b/packages/editor/src/editor/perform-hotkey.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import type {KeyboardEvent} from 'react'
-import type {Editor} from 'slate'
 import {isHotkey} from '../internal-utils/is-hotkey'
+import type {Editor} from '../slate'
 import type {HotkeyOptions} from '../types/options'
 import type {EditorActor} from './editor-machine'
 import type {PortableTextEditor} from './PortableTextEditor'

diff --git a/packages/editor/src/editor/range-decorations-machine.ts b/packages/editor/src/editor/range-decorations-machine.ts
@@ -1,11 +1,3 @@
-import {
-  Element,
-  Path,
-  Range,
-  type BaseRange,
-  type NodeEntry,
-  type Operation,
-} from 'slate'
 import {
   and,
   assign,
@@ -18,6 +10,14 @@ import {isDeepEqual} from '../internal-utils/equality'
 import {moveRangeByOperation} from '../internal-utils/move-range-by-operation'
 import {slateRangeToSelection} from '../internal-utils/slate-utils'
 import {toSlateRange} from '../internal-utils/to-slate-range'
+import {
+  Element,
+  Path,
+  Range,
+  type BaseRange,
+  type NodeEntry,
+  type Operation,
+} from '../slate'
 import type {RangeDecoration} from '../types/editor'
 import type {PortableTextSlateEditor} from '../types/slate-editor'
 import {isEmptyTextBlock} from '../utils'

diff --git a/packages/editor/src/editor/render.block-object.tsx b/packages/editor/src/editor/render.block-object.tsx
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 import type {PortableTextObject} from '@portabletext/schema'
 import {useContext, useRef, type ReactElement} from 'react'
-import type {Element as SlateElement} from 'slate'
-import type {RenderElementProps} from 'slate-react'
 import type {DropPosition} from '../behaviors/behavior.core.drop-position'
+import type {Element as SlateElement} from '../slate'
+import type {RenderElementProps} from '../slate-react'
 import type {
   BlockRenderProps,
   PortableTextMemberSchemaTypes,

diff --git a/packages/editor/src/editor/render.element.tsx b/packages/editor/src/editor/render.element.tsx
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 import {isTextBlock} from '@portabletext/schema'
 import {useSelector} from '@xstate/react'
 import {useContext, type ReactElement} from 'react'
-import type {Element as SlateElement} from 'slate'
-import {useSlateStatic, type RenderElementProps} from 'slate-react'
 import type {DropPosition} from '../behaviors/behavior.core.drop-position'
+import type {Element as SlateElement} from '../slate'
+import {useSlateStatic, type RenderElementProps} from '../slate-react'
 import type {
   RenderBlockFunction,
   RenderChildFunction,

diff --git a/packages/editor/src/editor/render.inline-object.tsx b/packages/editor/src/editor/render.inline-object.tsx
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 import {useContext, useRef, type ReactElement} from 'react'
-import type {Element as SlateElement} from 'slate'
-import {DOMEditor} from 'slate-dom'
-import {useSlateStatic, type RenderElementProps} from 'slate-react'
 import {getPointBlock} from '../internal-utils/slate-utils'
+import type {Element as SlateElement} from '../slate'
+import {DOMEditor} from '../slate-dom'
+import {useSlateStatic, type RenderElementProps} from '../slate-react'
 import type {
   BlockChildRenderProps,
   PortableTextMemberSchemaTypes,

diff --git a/packages/editor/src/editor/render.leaf.tsx b/packages/editor/src/editor/render.leaf.tsx
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import {useSelector} from '@xstate/react'
 import {useContext, type CSSProperties} from 'react'
-import type {Text} from 'slate'
-import type {RenderLeafProps} from 'slate-react'
+import type {Text} from '../slate'
+import type {RenderLeafProps} from '../slate-react'
 import type {
   RangeDecoration,
   RenderAnnotationFunction,

diff --git a/packages/editor/src/editor/render.span.tsx b/packages/editor/src/editor/render.span.tsx
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import {useSelector} from '@xstate/react'
 import {useContext, useMemo, useRef, type ReactElement} from 'react'
-import {useSlateStatic, type RenderLeafProps} from 'slate-react'
+import {useSlateStatic, type RenderLeafProps} from '../slate-react'
 import type {
   BlockAnnotationRenderProps,
   BlockChildRenderProps,

diff --git a/packages/editor/src/editor/render.text-block.tsx b/packages/editor/src/editor/render.text-block.tsx
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 import type {PortableTextTextBlock} from '@portabletext/schema'
 import {useContext, useRef, type ReactElement} from 'react'
-import type {Element as SlateElement} from 'slate'
-import {useSlateSelector, type RenderElementProps} from 'slate-react'
 import type {DropPosition} from '../behaviors/behavior.core.drop-position'
+import type {Element as SlateElement} from '../slate'
+import {useSlateSelector, type RenderElementProps} from '../slate-react'
 import type {
   BlockListItemRenderProps,
   BlockRenderProps,

diff --git a/packages/editor/src/editor/render.text.tsx b/packages/editor/src/editor/render.text.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import type {Editable} from 'slate-react'
+import type {Editable} from '../slate-react'
 
 export type RenderTextProps = Parameters<
   NonNullable<React.ComponentProps<typeof Editable>['renderText']>

diff --git a/packages/editor/src/editor/selection-state-context.tsx b/packages/editor/src/editor/selection-state-context.tsx
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 import {useSelector} from '@xstate/react'
 import {createContext, useContext} from 'react'
-import {useSlateStatic} from 'slate-react'
 import {getFocusChild} from '../selectors'
 import {getSelectedChildren} from '../selectors/selector.get-selected-children'
 import {getSelectionEndPoint} from '../selectors/selector.get-selection-end-point'
 import {getSelectionStartPoint} from '../selectors/selector.get-selection-start-point'
 import {isSelectionCollapsed} from '../selectors/selector.is-selection-collapsed'
+import {useSlateStatic} from '../slate-react'
 import {getBlockKeyFromSelectionPoint} from '../utils/util.selection-point'
 import {serializePath} from '../utils/util.serialize-path'
 import {EditorActorContext} from './editor-actor-context'

diff --git a/packages/editor/src/editor/sync-machine.ts b/packages/editor/src/editor/sync-machine.ts
@@ -1,13 +1,5 @@
 import type {Patch} from '@portabletext/patches'
 import {isSpan, type PortableTextBlock} from '@portabletext/schema'
-import {
-  deleteText,
-  Editor,
-  Text,
-  Transforms,
-  type Descendant,
-  type Node,
-} from 'slate'
 import type {ActorRefFrom} from 'xstate'
 import {
   and,
@@ -29,6 +21,14 @@ import {
 } from '../internal-utils/equality'
 import {validateValue} from '../internal-utils/validateValue'
 import {toSlateBlock, VOID_CHILD_KEY} from '../internal-utils/values'
+import {
+  deleteText,
+  Editor,
+  Text,
+  Transforms,
+  type Descendant,
+  type Node,
+} from '../slate'
 import {withRemoteChanges} from '../slate-plugins/slate-plugin.remote-changes'
 import {pluginWithoutHistory} from '../slate-plugins/slate-plugin.without-history'
 import {withoutPatching} from '../slate-plugins/slate-plugin.without-patching'

diff --git a/packages/editor/src/editor/undo-step.ts b/packages/editor/src/editor/undo-step.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import {Path, type Operation} from 'slate'
+import {Path, type Operation} from '../slate'
 import type {PortableTextSlateEditor} from '../types/slate-editor'
 
 type UndoStep = {

diff --git a/packages/editor/src/editor/validate-selection-machine.ts b/packages/editor/src/editor/validate-selection-machine.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-import {Editor, Transforms} from 'slate'
-import {ReactEditor} from 'slate-react'
 import {setup} from 'xstate'
 import {debug} from '../internal-utils/debug'
+import {Editor, Transforms} from '../slate'
+import {ReactEditor} from '../slate-react'
 import type {PortableTextSlateEditor} from '../types/slate-editor'
 
 const validateSelectionSetup = setup({

diff --git a/packages/editor/src/internal-utils/__tests__/ranges.test.ts b/packages/editor/src/internal-utils/__tests__/ranges.test.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-import type {InsertTextOperation, Range} from 'slate'
 import {describe, expect, it} from 'vitest'
+import type {InsertTextOperation, Range} from '../../slate'
 import {moveRangeByOperation} from '../move-range-by-operation'
 
 describe('moveRangeByOperation', () => {

diff --git a/packages/editor/src/internal-utils/apply-operation-to-portable-text.ts b/packages/editor/src/internal-utils/apply-operation-to-portable-text.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import type {PortableTextBlock} from '@portabletext/schema'
-import {Element, Path, type Node, type Operation} from 'slate'
 import type {EditorSchema} from '../editor/editor-schema'
 import type {EditorContext} from '../editor/editor-snapshot'
+import {Element, Path, type Node, type Operation} from '../slate'
 import type {OmitFromUnion} from '../type-utils'
 import {
   getBlock,

diff --git a/packages/editor/src/internal-utils/applyPatch.ts b/packages/editor/src/internal-utils/applyPatch.ts
@@ -17,8 +17,15 @@ import {
   makeDiff,
   parsePatch,
 } from '@sanity/diff-match-patch'
-import {Editor, Element, Node, Text, Transforms, type Descendant} from 'slate'
 import type {EditorContext} from '../editor/editor-snapshot'
+import {
+  Editor,
+  Element,
+  Node,
+  Text,
+  Transforms,
+  type Descendant,
+} from '../slate'
 import type {Path} from '../types/paths'
 import type {PortableTextSlateEditor} from '../types/slate-editor'
 import {isKeyedSegment} from '../utils/util.is-keyed-segment'

diff --git a/packages/editor/src/internal-utils/equality.ts b/packages/editor/src/internal-utils/equality.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import {
   type PortableTextObject,
   type Schema,
 } from '@portabletext/schema'
-import type {Descendant} from 'slate'
+import type {Descendant} from '../slate'
 
 export function isEqualValues(
   context: {schema: Schema},

diff --git a/packages/editor/src/internal-utils/event-position.ts b/packages/editor/src/internal-utils/event-position.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-import {Editor, type BaseRange, type Node} from 'slate'
-import {DOMEditor, isDOMNode} from 'slate-dom'
 import type {EditorActor} from '../editor/editor-machine'
 import type {EditorSchema} from '../editor/editor-schema'
+import {Editor, type BaseRange, type Node} from '../slate'
+import {DOMEditor, isDOMNode} from '../slate-dom'
 import type {EditorSelection} from '../types/editor'
 import type {PortableTextSlateEditor} from '../types/slate-editor'
 import {getBlockEndPoint} from '../utils/util.get-block-end-point'