automatic options as separate route

[davidism]

Implement provide_automatic_options as a regular part of the routing and view dispatch, rather than as a special check on every request.

Can be updated to do except DuplicateRuleError instead of Exception once Werkzeug 3.2 is out. Relies on the duplicate check to not add the internal route multiple times, for example if @app.get and @app.post register different view functions for the same URL. But nothing breaks if the rule is added multiple times, it's just messy.

Adjusts flask routes to no show the _automatic_options endpoint, as that would be really noisy.

Also moves the static view out instead of using a lambda and weakref, to match how this new view is handled.

expands on #5917, fixes #5916

[indoor47]

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