feat: Loop over configured colors

[haftamuk]

Description

This solution involves looping over hardcoded five color options to ensure all grade segments in Studio have a different background color when configuring grade settings for a course. This is a solution for option-1 in issue #507.

Supporting information

A similar approach is used in Legacy Studio, implementation available in #32406, but the implementation was dropped when migrating to authoring MFE.

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