Upgrade to Active Support 8.0.3 and Ruby 3.2.9

[jvendetti]

This PR prepares the codebase for BioPortal's upcoming upgrade to Rails 8.

• Bump activesupport from 7.2.2.1 to 8.0.3
• Set test matrix to use Ruby 3.2
• Upgrade supporting libraries: minitest, rubocop, and rake
• Temporarily skip two unit tests affected by Cloudflare-related issues
• Add contributor images to the README
• Update license copyright year
• Fix minor RuboCop warnings

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 67.21%. Comparing base (f992b18) to head (dde3862).

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##           master      #48   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   67.21%   67.21%           
=======================================
  Files          29       29           
  Lines         915      915           
  Branches      172      172           
=======================================
  Hits          615      615           
  Misses        300      300           

Flag	Coverage Δ
3.1	67.21% <ø> (ø)
3.2	67.21% <ø> (?)

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