fix: prevent command injection in example URL opening

examples/client/package.json

@@ -36,12 +36,13 @@
     "dependencies": {
         "@modelcontextprotocol/client": "workspace:^",
         "ajv": "catalog:runtimeShared",
+        "open": "^11.0.0",
         "zod": "catalog:runtimeShared"
     },
     "devDependencies": {
+        "@modelcontextprotocol/eslint-config": "workspace:^",
         "@modelcontextprotocol/examples-shared": "workspace:^",
         "@modelcontextprotocol/tsconfig": "workspace:^",
-        "@modelcontextprotocol/eslint-config": "workspace:^",
         "@modelcontextprotocol/vitest-config": "workspace:^",
         "tsdown": "catalog:devTools"
     }

examples/client/src/elicitationUrlExample.ts

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 // URL elicitation allows servers to prompt the end-user to open a URL in their browser
 // to collect sensitive information.
 
-import { exec } from 'node:child_process';
 import { createServer } from 'node:http';
 import { createInterface } from 'node:readline';
 
@@ -29,6 +28,7 @@ import {
     UnauthorizedError,
     UrlElicitationRequiredError
 } from '@modelcontextprotocol/client';
+import open from 'open';
 
 import { InMemoryOAuthClientProvider } from './simpleOAuthClientProvider.js';
 
@@ -272,15 +272,25 @@ async function elicitationLoop(): Promise<void> {
     }
 }
 
-async function openBrowser(url: string): Promise<void> {
-    const command = `open "${url}"`;
+const ALLOWED_SCHEMES = new Set(['http:', 'https:']);
 
-    exec(command, error => {
-        if (error) {
-            console.error(`Failed to open browser: ${error.message}`);
-            console.log(`Please manually open: ${url}`);
+async function openBrowser(url: string): Promise<void> {
+    try {
+        const parsed = new URL(url);
+        if (!ALLOWED_SCHEMES.has(parsed.protocol)) {
+            console.error(`Refusing to open URL with unsupported scheme '${parsed.protocol}': ${url}`);
+            return;
         }
-    });
+    } catch {
+        console.error(`Invalid URL: ${url}`);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    try {
+        await open(url);
+    } catch {
+        console.log(`Please manually open: ${url}`);
+    }
 }
 
 /**

examples/client/src/simpleOAuthClient.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env node
 
-import { exec } from 'node:child_process';
 import { createServer } from 'node:http';
 import { createInterface } from 'node:readline';
 import { URL } from 'node:url';
@@ -13,6 +12,7 @@ import {
     StreamableHTTPClientTransport,
     UnauthorizedError
 } from '@modelcontextprotocol/client';
+import open from 'open';
 
 import { InMemoryOAuthClientProvider } from './simpleOAuthClientProvider.js';
 
@@ -49,17 +49,27 @@ class InteractiveOAuthClient {
     /**
      * Opens the authorization URL in the user's default browser
      */
+    private static readonly ALLOWED_SCHEMES = new Set(['http:', 'https:']);
+
     private async openBrowser(url: string): Promise<void> {
         console.log(`🌐 Opening browser for authorization: ${url}`);
 
-        const command = `open "${url}"`;
-
-        exec(command, error => {
-            if (error) {
-                console.error(`Failed to open browser: ${error.message}`);
-                console.log(`Please manually open: ${url}`);
+        try {
+            const parsed = new URL(url);
+            if (!InteractiveOAuthClient.ALLOWED_SCHEMES.has(parsed.protocol)) {
+                console.error(`Refusing to open URL with unsupported scheme '${parsed.protocol}': ${url}`);
+                return;
             }
-        });
+        } catch {
+            console.error(`Invalid URL: ${url}`);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        try {
+            await open(url);
+        } catch {
+            console.log(`Please manually open: ${url}`);
+        }
     }
     /**
      * Example OAuth callback handler - in production, use a more robust approach