Fix tracing cow changes

src/hyperlight_common/src/arch/amd64/vmem.rs

@@ -539,7 +539,10 @@ pub unsafe fn virt_to_phys<'a, Op: TableReadOps + 'a>(
 ) -> impl Iterator<Item = Mapping> + 'a {
     // Undo sign-extension, and mask off any sub-page bits
     let vmin = (address & ((1u64 << VA_BITS) - 1)) & !(PAGE_SIZE as u64 - 1);
-    let vmax = core::cmp::min(vmin + len, 1u64 << VA_BITS);
+    let addr_canonical = address & ((1u64 << VA_BITS) - 1);
+    // Calculate the maximum virtual address we need to look at based on the starting
+    // address and length ensuring we don't go past the end of the address space
+    let vmax = core::cmp::min(addr_canonical + len, 1u64 << VA_BITS);
     modify_ptes::<47, 39, Op, _>(MapRequest {
         table_base: op.as_ref().root_table(),
         vmin,
@@ -920,6 +923,52 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(mapping.phys_base, 0x1000);
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn test_virt_to_phys_unaligned_virt_and_across_pages_len() {
+        let ops = MockTableOps::new();
+        let mapping = Mapping {
+            phys_base: 0x1000,
+            virt_base: 0x1000,
+            len: 2 * PAGE_SIZE as u64, // 2 page + 512 bytes
+            kind: MappingKind::Basic(BasicMapping {
+                readable: true,
+                writable: true,
+                executable: false,
+            }),
+        };
+
+        unsafe { map(&ops, mapping) };
+
+        let mappings = unsafe { virt_to_phys(&ops, 0x1F00, 0x300).collect::<Vec<_>>() };
+        assert_eq!(mappings.len(), 2, "Should return 2 mappings for 2 pages");
+        assert_eq!(mappings[0].phys_base, 0x1000);
+        assert_eq!(mappings[1].phys_base, 0x2000);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_virt_to_phys_unaligned_virt_and_multiple_page_len() {
+        let ops = MockTableOps::new();
+        let mapping = Mapping {
+            phys_base: 0x1000,
+            virt_base: 0x1000,
+            len: PAGE_SIZE as u64 * 2 + 0x200, // 2 page + 512 bytes
+            kind: MappingKind::Basic(BasicMapping {
+                readable: true,
+                writable: true,
+                executable: false,
+            }),
+        };
+
+        unsafe { map(&ops, mapping) };
+
+        let mappings =
+            unsafe { virt_to_phys(&ops, 0x1234, PAGE_SIZE as u64 * 2 + 0x10).collect::<Vec<_>>() };
+        assert_eq!(mappings.len(), 3, "Should return 3 mappings for 3 pages");
+        assert_eq!(mappings[0].phys_base, 0x1000);
+        assert_eq!(mappings[1].phys_base, 0x2000);
+        assert_eq!(mappings[2].phys_base, 0x3000);
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn test_virt_to_phys_perms() {
         let test = |kind| {

src/hyperlight_common/src/flatbuffer_wrappers/function_call.rs

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ pub enum FunctionCallType {
 }
 
 /// `Functioncall` represents a call to a function in the guest or host.
-#[derive(Clone)]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 pub struct FunctionCall {
     /// The function name
     pub function_name: String,

src/hyperlight_common/src/flatbuffer_wrappers/guest_trace_data.rs

@@ -40,6 +40,15 @@ use crate::flatbuffers::hyperlight::generated::{
     OpenSpanTypeArgs as FbOpenSpanTypeArgs,
 };
 
+/// TODO: Change these constant to be configurable at runtime by the guest
+/// Maybe use a weak symbol that the guest can override at link time?
+///
+/// Pre-calculated capacity for the encoder buffer
+/// This is to avoid reallocations in the guest
+/// If the next event would exceed this size, the encoder will flush the current buffer to the host
+/// before encoding the new event.
+pub const MAX_TRACE_DATA_SIZE: usize = 4096;
+
 /// Key-Value pair structure used in tracing spans/events
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct EventKeyValue {

src/hyperlight_common/src/vmem.rs

@@ -222,8 +222,8 @@ pub struct Mapping {
 ///   are being remapped, TLB invalidation may need to be performed
 ///   afterwards.
 pub use arch::map;
-/// This function is not presently used for anything, but is useful
-/// for debugging
+/// This function is presently used for reading the tracing data, also
+/// it is useful for debugging
 ///
 /// # Safety
 /// This function traverses page table data structures, and should not

src/hyperlight_guest/src/exit.rs

@@ -103,9 +103,9 @@ pub(crate) unsafe fn out32(port: u16, val: u32) {
                 asm!("out dx, eax",
                     in("dx") port,
                     in("eax") val,
-                    in("r8") OutBAction::TraceBatch as u64,
-                    in("r9") ptr,
-                    in("r10") len,
+                    in("r12") OutBAction::TraceBatch as u64,
+                    in("r13") ptr,
+                    in("r14") len,
                     options(preserves_flags, nomem, nostack)
                 )
             };

src/hyperlight_guest_bin/src/guest_function/call.rs

@@ -75,23 +75,25 @@ pub(crate) fn call_guest_function(function_call: FunctionCall) -> Result<Vec<u8>
 pub(crate) fn internal_dispatch_function() {
     // Read the current TSC to report it to the host with the spans/events
     // This helps calculating the timestamps relative to the guest call
-    #[cfg(feature = "trace_guest")]
-    {
+    #[cfg(all(feature = "trace_guest", target_arch = "x86_64"))]
+    let _entered = {
         let guest_start_tsc = hyperlight_guest_tracing::invariant_tsc::read_tsc();
         // Reset the trace state for the new guest function call with the new start TSC
         // This clears any existing spans/events from previous calls ensuring a clean state
         hyperlight_guest_tracing::new_call(guest_start_tsc);
-    }
 
-    let handle = unsafe { GUEST_HANDLE };
+        tracing::span!(tracing::Level::INFO, "internal_dispatch_function").entered()
+    };
 
-    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
-    log::trace!("internal_dispatch_function");
+    let handle = unsafe { GUEST_HANDLE };
 
     let function_call = handle
         .try_pop_shared_input_data_into::<FunctionCall>()
         .expect("Function call deserialization failed");
 
+    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+    tracing::trace!("{:?}", function_call);
+
     let res = call_guest_function(function_call);
 
     match res {
@@ -111,8 +113,20 @@ pub(crate) fn internal_dispatch_function() {
         }
     }
 
-    // Ensure that any tracing output during the call is flushed to
-    // the host, if necessary.
+    // All this tracing logic shall be done right before the call to `hlt` which is done after this
+    // function returns
     #[cfg(all(feature = "trace_guest", target_arch = "x86_64"))]
-    hyperlight_guest_tracing::flush();
+    {
+        // This span captures the internal dispatch function only, without tracing internals.
+        // Close the span before flushing to ensure that the `flush` call is not included in the span
+        // NOTE: This is necessary to avoid closing the span twice. Flush closes all the open
+        // spans, when preparing to close a guest function call context.
+        // It is not mandatory, though, but avoids a warning on the host that alerts a spans
+        // that has not been opened but is being closed.
+        _entered.exit();
+
+        // Ensure that any tracing output during the call is flushed to
+        // the host, if necessary.
+        hyperlight_guest_tracing::flush();
+    }
 }

src/hyperlight_guest_bin/src/lib.rs

@@ -226,6 +226,12 @@ pub(crate) extern "C" fn generic_init(
         hyperlight_guest_tracing::init_guest_tracing(guest_start_tsc);
     }
 
+    // Open a span to partly capture the initialization of the guest.
+    // This is done here because the tracing subscriber is initialized and the guest is in a
+    // well-known state
+    #[cfg(all(feature = "trace_guest", target_arch = "x86_64"))]
+    let _entered = tracing::span!(tracing::Level::INFO, "generic_init").entered();
+
     #[cfg(feature = "macros")]
     for registration in __private::GUEST_FUNCTION_INIT {
         registration();
@@ -235,10 +241,20 @@ pub(crate) extern "C" fn generic_init(
         hyperlight_main();
     }
 
-    // Ensure that any tracing output from the initialisation phase is
-    // flushed to the host, if necessary.
+    // All this tracing logic shall be done right before the call to `hlt` which is done after this
+    // function returns
     #[cfg(all(feature = "trace_guest", target_arch = "x86_64"))]
-    hyperlight_guest_tracing::flush();
+    {
+        // NOTE: This is necessary to avoid closing the span twice. Flush closes all the open
+        // spans, when preparing to close a guest function call context.
+        // It is not mandatory, though, but avoids a warning on the host that alerts a spans
+        // that has not been opened but is being closed.
+        _entered.exit();
+
+        // Ensure that any tracing output from the initialisation phase is
+        // flushed to the host, if necessary.
+        hyperlight_guest_tracing::flush();
+    }
 
     dispatch_function as usize as u64
 }

src/hyperlight_guest_tracing/src/state.rs

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ use alloc::vec::Vec;
 use core::sync::atomic::{AtomicU64, Ordering};
 
 use hyperlight_common::flatbuffer_wrappers::guest_trace_data::{
-    EventsBatchEncoder, EventsEncoder, GuestEvent,
+    EventsBatchEncoder, EventsEncoder, GuestEvent, MAX_TRACE_DATA_SIZE,
 };
 use hyperlight_common::outb::OutBAction;
 use tracing_core::Event;
@@ -43,12 +43,6 @@ pub(crate) struct GuestState {
     stack: Vec<u64>,
 }
 
-/// TODO: Change these constant to be configurable at runtime by the guest
-/// Maybe use a weak symbol that the guest can override at link time?
-///
-/// Pre-calculated capacity for the encoder buffer
-/// This is to avoid reallocations in the guest
-const ENCODER_CAPACITY: usize = 4096;
 /// Start with a stack capacity for active spans
 const ACTIVE_SPANS_CAPACITY: usize = 64;
 
@@ -60,16 +54,16 @@ fn send_to_host(data: &[u8]) {
             in("dx") OutBAction::TraceBatch as u16,
             in("al") 0u8,
             // Additional magic number to identify the action
-            in("r8") OutBAction::TraceBatch as u64,
-            in("r9") data.as_ptr() as u64,
-            in("r10") data.len() as u64,
+            in("r12") OutBAction::TraceBatch as u64,
+            in("r13") data.as_ptr() as u64,
+            in("r14") data.len() as u64,
         );
     }
 }
 
 impl GuestState {
     pub(crate) fn new(guest_start_tsc: u64) -> Self {
-        let mut encoder = EventsBatchEncoder::new(ENCODER_CAPACITY, send_to_host);
+        let mut encoder = EventsBatchEncoder::new(MAX_TRACE_DATA_SIZE, send_to_host);
         encoder.encode(&GuestEvent::GuestStart {
             tsc: guest_start_tsc,
         });

src/hyperlight_host/src/hypervisor/hyperlight_vm.rs

@@ -191,6 +191,8 @@ pub enum RunVmError {
     DebugHandler(#[from] HandleDebugError),
     #[error("Execution was cancelled by the host")]
     ExecutionCancelledByHost,
+    #[error("Failed to access page: {0}")]
+    PageTableAccess(AccessPageTableError),
     #[cfg(feature = "trace_guest")]
     #[error("Failed to get registers: {0}")]
     GetRegs(RegisterError),
@@ -754,10 +756,18 @@ impl HyperlightVm {
                     tc.end_host_trace();
                     // Handle the guest trace data if any
                     let regs = self.vm.regs().map_err(RunVmError::GetRegs)?;
-                    if let Err(e) = tc.handle_trace(&regs, mem_mgr) {
-                        // If no trace data is available, we just log a message and continue
-                        // Is this the right thing to do?
-                        log::debug!("Error handling guest trace: {:?}", e);
+
+                    // Only parse the trace if it has reported
+                    if tc.has_trace_data(&regs) {
+                        let root_pt = self.get_root_pt().map_err(RunVmError::PageTableAccess)?;
+
+                        // If something goes wrong with parsing the trace data, we log the error and
+                        // continue execution instead of returning an error since this is not critical
+                        // to correct execution of the guest
+                        tc.handle_trace(&regs, mem_mgr, root_pt)
+                            .unwrap_or_else(|e| {
+                                tracing::error!("Cannot handle trace data: {}", e);
+                            });
                     }
                 }
                 result

src/hyperlight_host/src/mem/mgr.rs

@@ -411,6 +411,117 @@ impl SandboxMemoryManager<HostSharedMemory> {
 
         Ok(())
     }
+
+    /// Read guest memory at a Guest Virtual Address (GVA) by walking the
+    /// page tables to translate GVA → GPA, then reading from the correct
+    /// backing memory (shared_mem or scratch_mem).
+    ///
+    /// This is necessary because with Copy-on-Write (CoW) the guest's
+    /// virtual pages are backed by physical pages in the scratch
+    /// region rather than being identity-mapped.
+    ///
+    /// # Arguments
+    /// * `gva` - The Guest Virtual Address to read from
+    /// * `len` - The number of bytes to read
+    /// * `root_pt` - The root page table physical address (CR3)
+    #[cfg(feature = "trace_guest")]
+    pub(crate) fn read_guest_memory_by_gva(
+        &mut self,
+        gva: u64,
+        len: usize,
+        root_pt: u64,
+    ) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
+        use hyperlight_common::vmem::PAGE_SIZE;
+
+        use crate::sandbox::snapshot::{SharedMemoryPageTableBuffer, access_gpa};
+
+        let scratch_size = self.scratch_mem.mem_size();
+
+        self.shared_mem.with_exclusivity(|snap| {
+            self.scratch_mem.with_exclusivity(|scratch| {
+                let pt_buf = SharedMemoryPageTableBuffer::new(snap, scratch, scratch_size, root_pt);
+
+                // Walk page tables to get all mappings that cover the GVA range
+                let mappings: Vec<_> = unsafe {
+                    hyperlight_common::vmem::virt_to_phys(&pt_buf, gva, len as u64)
+                }
+                .collect();
+
+                if mappings.is_empty() {
+                    return Err(new_error!(
+                        "No page table mappings found for GVA {:#x} (len {})",
+                        gva,
+                        len,
+                    ));
+                }
+
+                // Resulting vector of bytes to return
+                let mut result = Vec::with_capacity(len);
+                let mut current_gva = gva;
+
+                for mapping in &mappings {
+                    // The page table walker should only return valid mappings
+                    // that cover our current read position.
+                    if mapping.virt_base > current_gva {
+                        return Err(new_error!(
+                            "Page table walker returned mapping with virt_base {:#x} > current read position {:#x}",
+                            mapping.virt_base,
+                            current_gva,
+                        ));
+                    }
+
+                    // Calculate the offset within this page where to start copying
+                    let page_offset = (current_gva - mapping.virt_base) as usize;
+
+                    let bytes_remaining = len - result.len();
+                    let available_in_page = PAGE_SIZE - page_offset;
+                    let bytes_to_copy = bytes_remaining.min(available_in_page);
+
+                    // Translate the GPA to host memory
+                    let gpa = mapping.phys_base + page_offset as u64;
+                    let (mem, offset) = access_gpa(snap, scratch, scratch_size, gpa)
+                        .ok_or_else(|| {
+                            new_error!(
+                                "Failed to resolve GPA {:#x} to host memory (GVA {:#x})",
+                                gpa,
+                                gva
+                            )
+                        })?;
+
+                    let slice = mem
+                        .as_slice()
+                        .get(offset..offset + bytes_to_copy)
+                        .ok_or_else(|| {
+                            new_error!(
+                                "GPA {:#x} resolved to out-of-bounds host offset {} (need {} bytes)",
+                                gpa,
+                                offset,
+                                bytes_to_copy
+                            )
+                        })?;
+
+                    result.extend_from_slice(slice);
+                    current_gva += bytes_to_copy as u64;
+                }
+
+                if result.len() != len {
+                    tracing::error!(
+                        "Page table walker returned mappings that don't cover the full requested length: got {}, expected {}",
+                        result.len(),
+                        len,
+                    );
+                    return Err(new_error!(
+                        "Could not read full GVA range: got {} of {} bytes {:?}",
+                        result.len(),
+                        len,
+                        mappings
+                    ));
+                }
+
+                Ok(result)
+            })
+        })??
+    }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]