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This commit adds the server abstraction interfaces for location-aware routing:

  • ChannelFinderServer: Interface representing a Spanner server endpoint with address, health check, and channel access
  • ChannelFinderServerFactory: Factory interface for creating and caching server connections
  • GrpcChannelFinderServerFactory: gRPC implementation that creates and manages gRPC channels for different server endpoints

These interfaces enable the client to maintain connections to multiple Spanner servers and route requests directly to the appropriate server based on key location information.

This is part of the experimental location-aware routing for improved latency.

This commit adds the server abstraction interfaces for location-aware
routing:

- ChannelFinderServer: Interface representing a Spanner server endpoint
  with address, health check, and channel access
- ChannelFinderServerFactory: Factory interface for creating and caching
  server connections
- GrpcChannelFinderServerFactory: gRPC implementation that creates and
  manages gRPC channels for different server endpoints

These interfaces enable the client to maintain connections to multiple
Spanner servers and route requests directly to the appropriate server
based on key location information.

This is part of the experimental location-aware routing for improved
latency.
@rahul2393 rahul2393 requested review from a team as code owners January 8, 2026 05:55
@product-auto-label product-auto-label bot added size: m Pull request size is medium. api: spanner Issues related to the googleapis/java-spanner API. labels Jan 8, 2026
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Summary of Changes

Hello @rahul2393, I'm Gemini Code Assist1! I'm currently reviewing this pull request and will post my feedback shortly. In the meantime, here's a summary to help you and other reviewers quickly get up to speed!

This pull request introduces foundational interfaces and a gRPC-specific implementation to support an experimental location-aware routing feature within the Spanner client library. The new components enable the client to establish and manage connections to multiple Spanner server endpoints, facilitating intelligent request routing based on key location information. This enhancement is designed to improve overall latency by directing requests to the most geographically appropriate server.

Highlights

  • New Interface: ChannelFinderServer: Introduced the ChannelFinderServer interface, which defines a Spanner server endpoint. It includes methods to retrieve the server's address, check its health status, and access its underlying gRPC ManagedChannel.
  • New Interface: ChannelFinderServerFactory: Added the ChannelFinderServerFactory interface, designed to abstract the creation and caching mechanisms for ChannelFinderServer instances, providing a way to manage server connections.
  • New Implementation: GrpcChannelFinderServerFactory: Implemented GrpcChannelFinderServerFactory, a concrete gRPC-based factory that adheres to the ChannelFinderServerFactory interface. This class manages ManagedChannel connections to various Spanner server endpoints, supporting both a default server and dynamic creation for specific addresses, utilizing InstantiatingGrpcChannelProvider.Builder.

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Code Review

This pull request introduces new interfaces and an implementation for location-aware routing, which is a great step towards improving latency. The new abstractions ChannelFinderServer and ChannelFinderServerFactory are well-defined. My review includes suggestions for improving the Javadoc for these new interfaces to make them clearer. I've also identified a potential concurrency issue in GrpcChannelFinderServerFactory where a shared builder is mutated, and I've proposed a fix. Additionally, there are some minor points on error handling and code clarity.

Comment on lines +52 to +56
synchronized (channelBuilder) {
InstantiatingGrpcChannelProvider.Builder newBuilder =
channelBuilder.setEndpoint(addr);
return new GrpcChannelFinderServer(addr, newBuilder.build());
}

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high

The channelBuilder is being mutated here without restoring its original state. This is a shared object, and modifying it can lead to race conditions and unpredictable behavior if other threads use it. The synchronized block prevents concurrent modification, but the state change persists. You should restore the original endpoint of the builder in a finally block to ensure the builder's state is not permanently altered.

            synchronized (channelBuilder) {
              String originalEndpoint = channelBuilder.getEndpoint();
              try {
                InstantiatingGrpcChannelProvider.Builder newBuilder =
                    channelBuilder.setEndpoint(addr);
                return new GrpcChannelFinderServer(addr, newBuilder.build());
              } finally {
                channelBuilder.setEndpoint(originalEndpoint);
              }
            }

Comment on lines +23 to +27
String getAddress();

boolean isHealthy();

ManagedChannel getChannel(); // Added to get the underlying channel for RPC calls

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medium

The methods in this interface should have Javadoc comments to explain their purpose. The inline comment on getChannel should also be converted to a Javadoc comment for consistency and clarity.

  /** Returns the address of this server endpoint. */
  String getAddress();

  /** Returns true if the server is considered healthy and can accept requests. */
  boolean isHealthy();

  /** Returns the underlying channel for making RPC calls to this server. */
  ManagedChannel getChannel();

Comment on lines +21 to +23
ChannelFinderServer defaultServer();

ChannelFinderServer create(String address);

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medium

The methods in this interface should have Javadoc comments to explain their purpose, expected inputs, and what they return. This will improve the maintainability and usability of this new API.

  /** Returns the default server that is used if no specific server can be found for a request. */
  ChannelFinderServer defaultServer();

  /**
   * Creates or returns a cached server for the given address.
   *
   * @param address The address of the server to connect to.
   * @return A {@link ChannelFinderServer} for the given address.
   */
  ChannelFinderServer create(String address);

return new GrpcChannelFinderServer(addr, newBuilder.build());
}
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("Failed to create channel for address: " + addr, e);

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medium

Wrapping the IOException in a generic RuntimeException is not ideal. It would be more consistent with the rest of the codebase to use SpannerExceptionFactory to create a more specific SpannerException. This provides better error handling and diagnostics.

            throw SpannerExceptionFactory.newSpannerException(ErrorCode.UNAVAILABLE, "Failed to create channel for address: " + addr, e);

Comment on lines +76 to +80
// Constructor for the default server that already has a channel
public GrpcChannelFinderServer(String address, ManagedChannel channel) {
this.address = address;
this.channel = channel;
}

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medium

This constructor GrpcChannelFinderServer(String address, ManagedChannel channel) appears to be unused in GrpcChannelFinderServerFactory. The comment above it is also misleading as the default server is created using the other constructor. If this constructor is not needed, it should be removed to avoid dead code. If it's intended for testing, it should be annotated with @VisibleForTesting.

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