Changes in the official naYana webpage

projects/naYana.md

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ A word about celebrating cultural variation. Often we hear arguments that any at
 
 ## naYana alphabets
 
-![naYana alphabets](../assets/img/nayana-alphabets.jpeg)
+![naYana alphabets](../assets/img/alphabets.png)
 Figure 1: naYana alphabets. The vowel set followed by the consonants which are grouped into six categories, and the numbers are grouped into 0-9.
 
 Most of the shapes used in the design of naYana alphabet are widely available within the very large unicode set of most common fonts. Some of the shapes are created by rotating them, and by doing a union or diffrence operation of the outlines from existing shapes. No distinction between capital and small letters is proposed. The prototype font (naYanakamik is derived from Comik Neue Regular) 
@@ -38,61 +38,77 @@ Most of the shapes used in the design of naYana alphabet are widely available wi
 
 Vowels are produced by free passage of breath through the oral cavity. All vowels are created by a shape that closely resembles the sound, placed above a horizontal line with a gap, representing the free passage of breath. The modifiers placed on top of the horizontal line are chosen intuitively and inspired from existing usage.
 
-![vowel chart of naYana](../assets/img/nayana-vowel.jpeg)
+![vowel chart of naYana](../assets/img/vowels.png)
 Table 1: vowels chart indicating the IPA mapping, proposed input character for typing on a regular QWERTY keyboard and examples.
 
 Additional vowel forms can be created by a combination of the base vowels, e.g. au, oi, ui, ae, ea ou etc. When necessary localized interpretations can be defined for each langauge or dialect.
 
 ## Consonants 
-Sharper contact at the end of the palate genetates /k/, therfore <u>k</u> is chosen. A softer blunter variation of <u>k</u> generates /g/, hence <u>g</u>. Few of the first consonant vocalization generated by infants are various bilabial sounds. Starting with simple <u>p</u> for /p/, <u>f</u> for /f/, <u>b</u> for /b/, and <u>m</u> for /m/ is proposed. Since /b/ and /v/ are closer sounds, while the latter is produced by open lips to leave a little space for the air passing through,  we created <u>v</u> by opening <u>b</u>. The /t/ is generated when tongue touches the palate almost at the middle, so <u>t</u> is chosen, and toungue touching the teeth gives us /ɵ/, so we chose <u>T</u>. For /d/ we chose capital delta from the greek letters, because it needs a sharper shape, and for /ð/ a rounded and smoother form of delta, a rounded heart shape <u>d</u>. <u>l</u> shape is chosen for /l/; a crossed <u>R</u> for /r/; <u>s</u> for /s/; <u>Y</u> for /j/; <u>n</u> for /n/ were chosen from the widely used simple shapes. /t̠ʃ/ is produced when tongue flatly touches the palate, hence <u>c</u>. <u>j</u>,<u>z</u> are made with slight variation of j for /d͡ʒ/ and /z/ respectively. The choice of H for /h/ is intuitive, also being at the margin of being a vowel and a consonant, created by linking the roof and the floor. By inserting modifiers to this basic set of consonants, we can create localized versions as and when necessary. As and when necessary, more simple shapes can be inserted into the alphabet, holding to the above design principles.
+Sharper contact at the end of the palate generates /k/; therfore, <u>k</u> is chosen. A softer blunter variation of <u>k</u> generates /g/, hence <u>g</u>. Few of the first consonant vocalizations generated by infants are various bilabial sounds. Starting with simple <u>p</u> for /p/, <u>f</u> for /f/, <u>b</u> for /b/, and <u>m</u> for /m/ is proposed. Since /b/ and /v/ are closer sounds, while the latter is produced by open lips to leave a little space for the air passing through,  we created <u>v</u> by opening <u>b</u>. The /ʈ/ is generated when the tongue touches the palate almost at the middle, so <u>ʈ</u> is chosen, and the tongue touching the teeth gives us /t/, so we chose <u>t</u>. For /d/, we chose capital delta from the greek letters because it needs a sharper shape, and for /ð/, a rounded and smoother form of the delta, a rounded heart shape <u>ð</u>. <u>l</u> shape is chosen for /l/; a crossed <u>R</u> for /r/; <u>s</u> for /s/; <u>Y</u> for /j/; <u>n</u> for /n/ were chosen from the widely used simple shapes. /t̠ʃ/ is produced when the tongue flatly touches the palate, hence <u>c</u>. <u>j</u> and <u>z</u> are made with a slight variation of j for /d͡ʒ/ and /z/ respectively.The choice of H for /h/ is intuitive, also being at the margin of being a vowel and a consonant, created by linking the roof and the floor. By inserting modifiers into this basic set of consonants, we can create localized versions as and when necessary. As and when necessary, more simple shapes can be inserted into the alphabet, holding to the above design principles.
+
+- The aspirated versions of /k/ generates /kʰ/ therefore <u>kʰ</u> is chosen. Similarly the aspirated versons of /b/, /g/, /ʈ/, /d/, /ɽ/, /ð/, /ʧ/ geneartes /bʰ/, /gʰ/, /ʈʰ/, /dʰ/, /ɽ̥ʰ/, /ðʰ/, /ʧʰ/ respectively, therefore the symbols with strikes <u>bʰ</u>, <u>gʰ</u>, <u>ʈʰ</u>, <u>dʰ</u>, <u>ɽ̥ʰ</u>, <u>ðʰ</u>, <u>ʧʰ</u> are created.
+
+- The combination of <u>z</u> and <u>g</u> produces /ŋ/ sound, which is called the “velar nasal,” which means that you curl your tongue up against the back of your mouth, and the air comes out of your nose; therefore, <u>ŋ</u> is created. The /ɲ/ represents a palatal nasal, and therefore, <u>ɲ</u> is chosen. The <u>r̩</u> is chosen for /r̩/.
+
+- /d/ and /ɽ/ are the versions of each other, the first being a retroflex stop and the latter one being a retroflex flap, therfore for /ɽ/, <u>ɽ</u> with a dot is chosen.
+
+- /ʂ/ and /ʃ/ sounds closer but in /ʂ/ the tongue is rolled back and in /ʃ/ the tongue is held straight and stream of air is directed towards closely-held teeth and hence symbols are <u>ʂ</u>, <u>ʃ</u> are chosen respectively. 
+
+- The /z/ and /ʒ/ sounds similar; however, for /z/, the air flows through your front teeth and for /ʒ/ the air flows through your side teeth, so we created <u>ʒ</u> by adding a dot in <u>z</u>. 
+
+- The <u>q</u> is created for /q/; although it is pronounced similar to /k/, in /q/, the tongue touches uvula but touches soft palate in /k/.
 
 ## Numbers 
 
 The number shapes were created keeping semantics of the decimal number system. 6-9 are created by inserting stroke modifer of 1-4. The number 5 is represented as half of 10, hence D. The need to create special symbols for numbers is arising from using some of the number shapes for the consonants, e.g. <u>s</u>, <u>m</u> and <u>T</u> for /s/, /m/ and /ɵ/.
 
-![consonants chart of naYana](../assets/img/nayana-consonent.jpeg)
+![consonants chart of naYana](../assets/img/consonants.png)
 
 Table 2: Consonants with the shape, IPA phoneme mapping, proposed input character for typing on a regular QWERTY keyboard, with examples.
 
 ## UDHR transcripts
 Article 1 of Universal Declaration of Human Rights is transcribed in multiple langauges below:
 
-**Standard English Spelling for Universal Declaration of Human Rights** 
+- **Standard English Spelling for Universal Declaration of Human Rights** 
+
+  - *In English* - All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. (Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights)
+
+  - *In IPA* - ɔl hjumən biɪŋz ɑɹ bɔɹn fɹi ænd ikwəl ɪn dɪɡnəʈi ænd ɹajʈs. ðej ɑɹ ɛndawd wɪð ɹizən ænd kɑnʃəns ænd ʃʊd ækʈ ʈəwɔɹdz wʌn ənʌðɹ̩ ɪn ə spɪɹəʈ ʌv bɹʌðɹ̩hʊd. (ɑɹʈəkəl 1 ʌv ðə junəvɹ̩səl dɛklɹ̩ejʃən ʌv hjumən ɹajʈs)
 
-All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. (Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights)
+  - *In naYana* - <h5>ɔl hjumən biɪŋz ɑɹ bɔɹn fɹi ænd ikwəl ɪn dɪɡnəʈi ænd ɹajʈs. ðej ɑɹ ɛndawd wɪð ɹizən ænd kɑnʃəns ænd ʃʊd ækʈ ʈəwɔɹdz wʌn ənʌðɹ̩ ɪn ə spɪɹəʈ ʌv bɹʌðɹ̩hʊd. (ɑɹʈəkəl 1 ʌv ðə junəvɹ̩səl dɛklɹ̩ejʃən ʌv hjumən ɹajʈs)</h5>
 
-**QWERTY keyboard input for Article 1 of UDHR** 
 
-aal hYuman biings ar barn frii anD iikval in Digniti anD Ryts. de ar enDoveD viT Riizan anD kansyens anD SuD Akt tuvarDz van enader in a spiRit af braderhud.
+- **Article 1 of UDHR in Hindi**
 
-**naYana transcript for UDHR** 
+  - *In Hindi* - सभी मनुष्यों को गौरव और अधिकारों के मामले में जन्मजात स्वतन्त्रता और समानता प्राप्त है । उन्हें बुद्धि और अन्तरात्मा की देन प्राप्त है और परस्पर उन्हें भाईचारे के भाव से बर्ताव करना चाहिए ।
 
-<h5>aal hYuman biings ar barn frii anD iikval in Digniti anD Ryts. de ar enDoveD viT Riizan anD kansyens anD SuD Akt tuvarDz van enader in a spiRit af braderhud.</h5>
+  - *In IPA* - səb̤iː mənuʂjon ko ɡɔːrvə ɔːrə ad̤ikaːron ke maːmle men d͡ʒənməd͡ʒaːtə svətntrətaː ɔːrə səmaːntaː praːptə ɦæː । unɦen budd̤i ɔːrə antəraːtmaː kiː denə praːptə ɦæː ɔːrə pərspərə unɦen b̤aːiːt͡ʃaːre ke b̤əavə səe bərtəavə kərnəa t͡ʃəaɦəie ।
 
+  - *In naYana* - <h5>səb̤iː mənuʂjon ko ɡɔːrvə ɔːrə ad̤ikaːron ke maːmle men d͡ʒənməd͡ʒaːtə svətntrətaː ɔːrə səmaːntaː praːptə ɦæː । unɦen budd̤i ɔːrə antəraːtmaː kiː denə praːptə ɦæː ɔːrə pərspərə unɦen b̤aːiːt͡ʃaːre ke b̤əavə səe bərtəavə kərnəa t͡ʃəaɦəie ।</h5>
 
-**Article 1 of UDHR in Hindi**
+- **Article 1 of UDHR in Marathi**
 
-सभी मनुष्यों को गौरव और अधिकारों के मामले में जन्मजात स्वतन्त्रता और समानता प्राप्त है । उन्हें बुद्धि और अन्तरात्मा की देन प्राप्त है और परस्पर उन्हें भाईचारे के भाव से बर्ताव करना चाहिए ।
+  - *In Marathi* - सर्व मानवी व्यक्ती जन्मतः स्वतंत्र आहेत व त्यांना समान प्रतिष्ठा व समान आधिकार आहेत. त्यांना विचारशक्ती व सदसद्विवेकबुद्धी लाभलेली आहे व त्यांनी एकमेकांशी बंधुत्वाच्या भावनेने आचरण करावे.
 
-<h5>sabhir manuSYoko gauRav auR adhikaRon ke marmle me janmajaaT svaTanTRaTa aur samaanTa pRapT hai. unhebuddi auR anTRaTmar kii den prapT hai auR paRaspaR unhe bhaircarRe ke bhav se baRTav kaRna carhiYe.</h5>
+  - *In IPA* - sərvə maːnviː vjəktiː d͡ʑənmətəh svətəntrə aːɦetə və tjaːnnaː səmaːnə prətiʂʈʰaː və səmaːnə aːd̤ikaːrə aːɦetə. tjaːnnaː vit͡ɕaːrəɕəktiː və sədsədvivekbudd̤iː laːb̤leliː aːɦe və tjaːnniː ekmekaːnɕiː bənd̤əutvəat͡ɕjəa b̤əavnəenəe aːt͡ɕərɳə kərəavəe.
 
-**Article 1 of UDHR in Marathi**
+  - *In naYana* - <h5>sərvə maːnviː vjəktiː d͡ʑənmətəh svətəntrə aːɦetə və tjaːnnaː səmaːnə prətiʂʈʰaː və səmaːnə aːd̤ikaːrə aːɦetə. tjaːnnaː vit͡ɕaːrəɕəktiː və sədsədvivekbudd̤iː laːb̤leliː aːɦe və tjaːnniː ekmekaːnɕiː bənd̤əutvəat͡ɕjəa b̤əavnəenəe aːt͡ɕərɳə kərəavəe.</h5>
 
-सर्व मानवी व्यक्ती जन्मतः स्वतंत्र आहेत व त्यांना समान प्रतिष्ठा व समान आधिकार आहेत. त्यांना विचारशक्ती व सदसद्विवेकबुद्धी लाभलेली आहे व त्यांनी एकमेकांशी बंधुत्वाच्या भावनेने आचरण करावे. 
+- **Article 1 of UDHR in Telugu**
 
-<h5>saRva maanavi vYakti janmaTaha svaTanTRa aahet va TYaannaa samaan pRatiSthaa va samaan adhiKaaR aaheT. Tyanna vicaRSakTi va sadsadvivekbuddhi laabhaleli aahe va Tyanni ekmekarnSi bandhutvacyaa bhaavanene aacaRaN kaRaave.</h5>
+  - *In Telugu* - ప్రతిపత్తిస్వత్వముల విషయమున మానవులెల్లరును జన్మతః స్వతంత్రులును సమానులును నగుదురు. వారు వివేచన-అంతఃకరణ సంపన్నులగుటచే పరస్పరము భ్రాతృభావముతో వర్తింపవలయును.
 
-**Article 1 of UDHR in Telugu**
+  - *In IPA* - prət̪ɪpət̪t̪ɪsʋət̪ʋəmʊlə ʋɪʂəjəmʊnə manəʋʊlellərʊnʊ d͡ʒənmət̪əh sʋət̪ənt̪rʊlʊnʊ səmanʊlʊnʊ nəɡʊd̪ʊrʊ. ʋarʊ ʋɪʋeːt͡ʃənə-nt̪əhkərəɳə səmpənnʊləɡʊʈət͡ʃeː pərəspərəmʊ b̤rat̪rub̤aʋəmʊt̪əoː ʋərt̪əɪmpəʋələjəʊnəʊ.
 
-ప్రతిపత్తిస్వత్వముల విషయమున మానవులెల్లరును జన్మతః స్వతంత్రులును సమానులును నగుదురు. వారు వివేచన-అంతఃకరణ సంపన్నులగుటచే పరస్పరము భ్రాతృభావముతో వర్తింపవలయును.
+  - *In naYana* - <h5>prət̪ɪpət̪t̪ɪsʋət̪ʋəmʊlə ʋɪʂəjəmʊnə manəʋʊlellərʊnʊ d͡ʒənmət̪əh sʋət̪ənt̪rʊlʊnʊ səmanʊlʊnʊ nəɡʊd̪ʊrʊ. ʋarʊ ʋɪʋeːt͡ʃənə-nt̪əhkərəɳə səmpənnʊləɡʊʈət͡ʃeː pərəspərəmʊ b̤rat̪rub̤aʋəmʊt̪əoː ʋərt̪əɪmpəʋələjəʊnəʊ.</h5>
 
-<h5>pRaTipaTTisvaTvamula viSaYamuna maanavulellaRunu janmaTaha svaTanTRulunu samaanulunu naguduRu. vaaRu vivercana-anTahakaRaNa sampannulagutacEr paRaspaRamu bhRaTRubhavamuTo vaRTimpavalaYunu.</h5>
+- **Article 1 of UDHR in Sanskrit**
 
-**Article 1 of UDHR in Sanskrit**
+  - *In Sanskrit* - सर्वे मानवाः स्वतन्त्राः समुत्पन्नाः वर्तन्ते अपि च, गौरवदृशा अधिकारदृशा च समानाः एव वर्तन्ते। एते सर्वे चेतना-तर्क-शक्तिभ्यां सुसम्पन्नाः सन्ति। अपि च, सर्वेऽपि बन्धुत्व-भावनया परस्परं व्यवहरन्तु।
 
-सर्वे मानवाः स्वतन्त्राः समुत्पन्नाः वर्तन्ते अपि च, गौरवदृशा अधिकारदृशा च समानाः एव वर्तन्ते। एते सर्वे चेतना-तर्क-शक्तिभ्यां सुसम्पन्नाः सन्ति। अपि च, सर्वेऽपि बन्धुत्व-भावनया परस्परं व्यवहरन्तु।
+  - *In IPA* - sərve maːnvaːəh svətntraːəh səmutpənnaːəh vərtənte api t͡ʃə, ɡɔːrvədr̩ʃaː ad̤ikaːrdr̩ʃaː t͡ʃə səmaːnaːəh evə vərtənte। ete sərve t͡ʃetnaː-tərkə-ʃəktib̤jaːn susmpənnaːəh sənti। api t͡ʃə, sərveऽpi bənd̤utvə-b̤aːvnəjəa pərspərən vjəvɦərntəu।
 
-<h5>saRve maanavaaha svaTanTRaaha samuTpannaaha vaRTanTe api c, gauRavdRuSaa adhiKaaRdRuSa c samaanaaha eva vaRTanTe. eTe saRve ceTanaa-TaRka-Saktibhyaam susampannaaha sanTi. api c, saRverpi bandhuTva-bhaavanayaa paRaspaRam vyavahaRanTu.</h5>
+  - *In naYana* - <h5>sərve maːnvaːəh svətntraːəh səmutpənnaːəh vərtənte api t͡ʃə, ɡɔːrvədr̩ʃaː ad̤ikaːrdr̩ʃaː t͡ʃə səmaːnaːəh evə vərtənte। ete sərve t͡ʃetnaː-tərkə-ʃəktib̤jaːn susmpənnaːəh sənti। api t͡ʃə, sərveऽpi bənd̤utvə-b̤aːvnəjəa pərspərən vjəvɦərntəu।</h5>
 
 ## Credits
 **Credits Authors**:Nagarjuna G. and Vickram Krishna
@@ -105,8 +121,8 @@ aal hYuman biings ar barn frii anD iikval in Digniti anD Ryts. de ar enDoveD viT
 
 **Transcription of UDHR in Telugu**: Nagarjuna G.
 
-**Student interns**: who worked iteratively testing the idea: Smriti Rao, Deepa ramrakhani, Prachi Rahurkar, Sonal Bhavsar, Afrin Pinjari, Pooja Naik, Johnson Shetty, Kabir Kukreti and several others.
+**Student interns**: who worked iteratively testing the idea: Smriti Rao, Deepa ramrakhani, Prachi Rahurkar, Sonal Bhavsar, Afrin Pinjari, Pooja Naik, Johnson Shetty, Kabir Kukreti, Vikas Balani, Tushar Garg, Ruchir Jain, Vinay Jain and several others.
 
 Translations of UDHR taken from https://unicode.org/udhr/index.html
 
-21st July 2020
+20th July 2021