fix(core): Ensure logs past MAX_LOG_BUFFER_SIZE are not swallowed

[andreiborza]

Looks like we swallowed the log that triggers a flush when MAX_LOG_BUFFER_SIZE is surpassed.

Test demonstrating issue: 5697b7d
Fix: f7a4d8b

Related metrics pr: #18212
v9 backport: #18213

[github-actions]

node-overhead report 🧳

Note: This is a synthetic benchmark with a minimal express app and does not necessarily reflect the real-world performance impact in an application.

Scenario	Requests/s	% of Baseline	Prev. Requests/s	Change %
GET Baseline	8,867	-	11,316	-22%
GET With Sentry	1,431	16%	1,654	-13%
GET With Sentry (error only)	6,174	70%	7,684	-20%
POST Baseline	1,213	-	1,188	+2%
POST With Sentry	514	42%	573	-10%
POST With Sentry (error only)	1,069	88%	1,040	+3%
MYSQL Baseline	3,364	-	4,059	-17%
MYSQL With Sentry	502	15%	562	-11%
MYSQL With Sentry (error only)	2,751	82%	3,308	-17%

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