Bump OpenTelemetry to 2.23

[adinauer]

📜 Description

Bump our OpenTelemetry dependencies:

• SDK to 1.57.0
• Instrumentation to 2.23.0
• Semantic Conventions to 1.37.0

Looked at https://central.sonatype.com/artifact/io.opentelemetry.instrumentation/opentelemetry-instrumentation-bom/2.23.0 to find what versions to use.

💡 Motivation and Context

Closes #4974

💚 How did you test it?

📝 Checklist

• I added GH Issue ID & Linear ID
• I added tests to verify the changes.
• No new PII added or SDK only sends newly added PII if sendDefaultPII is enabled.
• I updated the docs if needed.
• I updated the wizard if needed.
• Review from the native team if needed.
• No breaking change or entry added to the changelog.
• No breaking change for hybrid SDKs or communicated to hybrid SDKs.

🔮 Next steps

[adinauer]

Bumping OTel seems to have caused older versions of Spring Boot to have problems with OkHttp using v5 instead of v4 and MockWebServer breaking. This was the easier fix vs. bumping OkHttp to v5 and having to upgrade MockWebServer all over the repo.