[Flight] Fix stack overflow in visitAsyncNode with deep async chains

[unstubbable]

Database libraries like Gel/EdgeDB can create very long linear chains of async sequences through temporal async sequencing in connection pools. The recursive traversal of node.previous chains in visitAsyncNode causes stack overflow on these deep chains.

The fix converts the previous chain traversal from recursive to iterative. We collect the chain into an array, then process from deepest to shallowest.

The awaited traversal remains recursive since its depth is bounded by promise dependency depth, not by the number of event loop turns. Each awaited branch still benefits from the iterative previous handling within its own traversal.

I've verified that this fixes the repro provided in #35246.

closes #35246

[react-sizebot]

Comparing: 24d8716...eacda6c

Critical size changes

Includes critical production bundles, as well as any change greater than 2%:

Name	+/-	Base	Current	+/- gzip	Base gzip	Current gzip
oss-stable/react-dom/cjs/react-dom.production.js	=	6.84 kB	6.84 kB	=	1.88 kB	1.88 kB
oss-stable/react-dom/cjs/react-dom-client.production.js	=	608.67 kB	608.67 kB	=	107.63 kB	107.63 kB
oss-experimental/react-dom/cjs/react-dom.production.js	=	6.84 kB	6.84 kB	=	1.88 kB	1.88 kB
oss-experimental/react-dom/cjs/react-dom-client.production.js	=	674.60 kB	674.60 kB	=	118.58 kB	118.57 kB
facebook-www/ReactDOM-prod.classic.js	=	693.92 kB	693.92 kB	=	121.98 kB	121.97 kB
facebook-www/ReactDOM-prod.modern.js	=	684.31 kB	684.31 kB	=	120.37 kB	120.37 kB

Significant size changes

Includes any change greater than 0.2%:

Expand to show

Name	+/-	Base	Current	+/- gzip	Base gzip	Current gzip
oss-stable-semver/react-server-dom-esm/cjs/react-server-dom-esm-server.node.development.js	+0.35%	223.52 kB	224.30 kB	+0.39%	40.47 kB	40.63 kB
oss-stable/react-server-dom-esm/cjs/react-server-dom-esm-server.node.development.js	+0.35%	223.52 kB	224.30 kB	+0.39%	40.47 kB	40.63 kB
oss-experimental/react-server-dom-esm/cjs/react-server-dom-esm-server.node.development.js	+0.34%	225.61 kB	226.39 kB	+0.42%	40.92 kB	41.10 kB
oss-stable-semver/react-server-dom-parcel/cjs/react-server-dom-parcel-server.node.development.js	+0.34%	230.04 kB	230.82 kB	+0.38%	41.07 kB	41.23 kB
oss-stable/react-server-dom-parcel/cjs/react-server-dom-parcel-server.node.development.js	+0.34%	230.04 kB	230.82 kB	+0.38%	41.07 kB	41.23 kB
oss-experimental/react-server-dom-parcel/cjs/react-server-dom-parcel-server.node.development.js	+0.33%	232.13 kB	232.91 kB	+0.41%	41.53 kB	41.70 kB
oss-stable-semver/react-server-dom-unbundled/cjs/react-server-dom-unbundled-server.node.development.js	+0.33%	236.70 kB	237.48 kB	+0.41%	42.13 kB	42.30 kB
oss-stable/react-server-dom-unbundled/cjs/react-server-dom-unbundled-server.node.development.js	+0.33%	236.70 kB	237.48 kB	+0.41%	42.13 kB	42.30 kB
oss-stable-semver/react-server-dom-webpack/cjs/react-server-dom-webpack-server.node.development.js	+0.33%	237.90 kB	238.67 kB	+0.41%	42.44 kB	42.61 kB
oss-stable/react-server-dom-webpack/cjs/react-server-dom-webpack-server.node.development.js	+0.33%	237.90 kB	238.67 kB	+0.41%	42.44 kB	42.61 kB
oss-stable-semver/react-server-dom-turbopack/cjs/react-server-dom-turbopack-server.node.development.js	+0.33%	237.95 kB	238.72 kB	+0.41%	42.43 kB	42.60 kB
oss-stable/react-server-dom-turbopack/cjs/react-server-dom-turbopack-server.node.development.js	+0.33%	237.95 kB	238.72 kB	+0.41%	42.43 kB	42.60 kB
oss-experimental/react-server-dom-unbundled/cjs/react-server-dom-unbundled-server.node.development.js	+0.32%	238.79 kB	239.57 kB	+0.40%	42.60 kB	42.77 kB
oss-experimental/react-server-dom-webpack/cjs/react-server-dom-webpack-server.node.development.js	+0.32%	239.99 kB	240.76 kB	+0.40%	42.91 kB	43.08 kB
oss-experimental/react-server-dom-turbopack/cjs/react-server-dom-turbopack-server.node.development.js	+0.32%	240.04 kB	240.81 kB	+0.40%	42.91 kB	43.08 kB

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