Add prism

config.json

@@ -790,6 +790,14 @@
         "prerequisites": [],
         "difficulty": 5
       },
+      {
+        "slug": "prism",
+        "name": "Prism",
+        "uuid": "4a8f6569-71cc-437d-9bda-e297e275f4f9",
+        "practices": [],
+        "prerequisites": [],
+        "difficulty": 5
+      },
       {
         "slug": "relative-distance",
         "name": "Relative Distance",

exercises/practice/prism/.docs/instructions.md

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+# Instructions
+
+Before activating the laser array, you must predict the exact order in which crystals will be hit, identified by their sample IDs.
+
+## Example Test Case
+
+Consider this crystal array configuration:
+
+```json
+{
+  "start": { "x": 0, "y": 0, "angle": 0 },
+  "prisms": [
+    { "id": 3, "x": 30, "y": 10, "angle": 45 },
+    { "id": 1, "x": 10, "y": 10, "angle": -90 },
+    { "id": 2, "x": 10, "y": 0, "angle": 90 },
+    { "id": 4, "x": 20, "y": 0, "angle": 0 }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+## What's Happening
+
+The laser starts at the origin `(0, 0)` and fires horizontally to the right at angle 0°.
+Here's the step-by-step beam path:
+
+**Step 1**: The beam travels along the x-axis (y = 0) and first encounters **Crystal #2** at position `(10, 0)`.
+This crystal has a refraction angle of 90°, which means it bends the beam perpendicular to its current path.
+The beam, originally traveling at 0°, is now redirected to 90° (straight up).
+
+**Step 2**: The beam now travels vertically upward from position `(10, 0)` and strikes **Crystal #1** at position `(10, 10)`.
+This crystal has a refraction angle of -90°, bending the beam by -90° relative to its current direction.
+The beam was traveling at 90°, so after refraction it's now at 0° (90° + (-90°) = 0°), traveling horizontally to the right again.
+
+**Step 3**: From position `(10, 10)`, the beam travels horizontally and encounters **Crystal #3** at position `(30, 10)`.
+This crystal refracts the beam by 45°, changing its direction to 45°.
+The beam continues into empty space beyond the array.

exercises/practice/prism/.docs/introduction.md

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Introduction
+
+You're a researcher at **PRISM** (Precariously Redirected Illumination Safety Management), working with a precision laser calibration system that tests experimental crystal prisms.
+These crystals are being developed for next-generation optical computers, and each one has unique refractive properties based on its molecular structure.
+The lab's laser system can damage crystals if they receive unexpected illumination, so precise path prediction is critical.

exercises/practice/prism/.meta/config.json

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+{
+  "authors": [
+    "BNAndras"
+  ],
+  "files": {
+    "solution": [
+      "prism.vim"
+    ],
+    "test": [
+      "prism.vader"
+    ],
+    "example": [
+      ".meta/example.vim"
+    ]
+  },
+  "blurb": "Calculate the path of a laser through reflective prisms.",
+  "source": "FraSanga",
+  "source_url": "https://github.com/exercism/problem-specifications/pull/2625"
+}

exercises/practice/prism/.meta/example.vim

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+function! FindSequence(prisms, start) abort
+  let l:sequence = []
+  let l:x = a:start.x + 0.0
+  let l:y = a:start.y + 0.0
+  let l:angle = a:start.angle + 0.0
+  let l:pi = acos(-1.0)
+
+  while 1
+    let l:rad = l:angle * l:pi / 180.0
+    let l:dirX = cos(l:rad)
+    let l:dirY = sin(l:rad)
+
+    let l:nearest = {}
+    let l:nearestDist = 1.0 / 0.0
+    let l:found = 0
+
+    for l:prism in a:prisms
+      let l:dx = l:prism.x - l:x
+      let l:dy = l:prism.y - l:y
+
+      " how far along the ray is the prism?
+      let l:dist = l:dx * l:dirX + l:dy * l:dirY
+
+      " ignore prisms behind us
+      if l:dist <= 1.0e-6
+        continue
+      endif
+
+      " how far off center is the prism?  
+      let l:crossX = l:dx - l:dist * l:dirX
+      let l:crossY = l:dy - l:dist * l:dirY
+      let l:crossSq = l:crossX * l:crossX + l:crossY * l:crossY
+
+      " bail if outside relative tolerance (scale by distance)
+      let l:scale = 1.0
+      let l:dist_sq = l:dist * l:dist
+      if l:dist_sq > 1.0
+        let l:scale = l:dist_sq
+      endif
+      if l:crossSq >= 1.0e-6 * l:scale
+        continue
+      endif
+
+      if l:dist < l:nearestDist
+        let l:nearestDist = l:dist
+        let l:nearest = l:prism
+        let l:found = 1
+      endif
+    endfor
+
+    if !l:found
+      break
+    endif
+
+    call add(l:sequence, l:nearest.id)
+    let l:x = l:nearest.x
+    let l:y = l:nearest.y
+    let l:angle = fmod(l:angle + l:nearest.angle, 360.0)
+
+  endwhile
+
+  return {'sequence': l:sequence}
+endfunction

exercises/practice/prism/.meta/tests.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+# This is an auto-generated file.
+#
+# Regenerating this file via `configlet sync` will:
+# - Recreate every `description` key/value pair
+# - Recreate every `reimplements` key/value pair, where they exist in problem-specifications
+# - Remove any `include = true` key/value pair (an omitted `include` key implies inclusion)
+# - Preserve any other key/value pair
+#
+# As user-added comments (using the # character) will be removed when this file
+# is regenerated, comments can be added via a `comment` key.
+
+[ec65d3b3-f7bf-4015-8156-0609c141c4c4]
+description = "zero prisms"
+
+[ec0ca17c-0c5f-44fb-89ba-b76395bdaf1c]
+description = "one prism one hit"
+
+[0db955f2-0a27-4c82-ba67-197bd6202069]
+description = "one prism zero hits"
+
+[8d92485b-ebc0-4ee9-9b88-cdddb16b52da]
+description = "going up zero hits"
+
+[78295b3c-7438-492d-8010-9c63f5c223d7]
+description = "going down zero hits"
+
+[acc723ea-597b-4a50-8d1b-b980fe867d4c]
+description = "going left zero hits"
+
+[3f19b9df-9eaa-4f18-a2db-76132f466d17]
+description = "negative angle"
+
+[96dacffb-d821-4cdf-aed8-f152ce063195]
+description = "large angle"
+
+[513a7caa-957f-4c5d-9820-076842de113c]
+description = "upward refraction two hits"
+
+[d452b7c7-9761-4ea9-81a9-2de1d73eb9ef]
+description = "downward refraction two hits"
+
+[be1a2167-bf4c-4834-acc9-e4d68e1a0203]
+description = "same prism twice"
+
+[df5a60dd-7c7d-4937-ac4f-c832dae79e2e]
+description = "simple path"
+
+[8d9a3cc8-e846-4a3b-a137-4bfc4aa70bd1]
+description = "multiple prisms floating point precision"
+
+[e077fc91-4e4a-46b3-a0f5-0ba00321da56]
+description = "complex path with multiple prisms floating point precision"

exercises/practice/prism/prism.vader

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+Execute (zero prisms):
+  let g:prisms = []
+  let g:start = {'angle': 0, 'x': 0, 'y': 0}
+  let g:expected = {'sequence': []}
+  AssertEqual g:expected, FindSequence(g:prisms, g:start)
+
+Execute (one prism one hit):
+  let g:prisms = [{'id': 1, 'angle': 0, 'x': 10, 'y': 0}]
+  let g:start = {'angle': 0, 'x': 0, 'y': 0}
+  let g:expected = {'sequence': [1]}
+  AssertEqual g:expected, FindSequence(g:prisms, g:start)
+
+Execute (one prism zero hits):
+  let g:prisms = [{'id': 1, 'angle': 0, 'x': -10, 'y': 0}]
+  let g:start = {'angle': 0, 'x': 0, 'y': 0}
+  let g:expected = {'sequence': []}
+  AssertEqual g:expected, FindSequence(g:prisms, g:start)
+
+Execute (going up zero hits):
+  let g:prisms = [{'id': 3, 'angle': 0, 'x': 0, 'y': -10}, {'id': 1, 'angle': 0, 'x': -10, 'y': 0}, {'id': 2, 'angle': 0, 'x': 10, 'y': 0}]
+  let g:start = {'angle': 90, 'x': 0, 'y': 0}
+  let g:expected = {'sequence': []}
+  AssertEqual g:expected, FindSequence(g:prisms, g:start)
+
+Execute (going down zero hits):
+  let g:prisms = [{'id': 1, 'angle': 0, 'x': 10, 'y': 0}, {'id': 2, 'angle': 0, 'x': 0, 'y': 10}, {'id': 3, 'angle': 0, 'x': -10, 'y': 0}]
+  let g:start = {'angle': -90, 'x': 0, 'y': 0}
+  let g:expected = {'sequence': []}
+  AssertEqual g:expected, FindSequence(g:prisms, g:start)
+
+Execute (going left zero hits):
+  let g:prisms = [{'id': 2, 'angle': 0, 'x': 0, 'y': 10}, {'id': 3, 'angle': 0, 'x': 10, 'y': 0}, {'id': 1, 'angle': 0, 'x': 0, 'y': -10}]
+  let g:start = {'angle': 180, 'x': 0, 'y': 0}
+  let g:expected = {'sequence': []}
+  AssertEqual g:expected, FindSequence(g:prisms, g:start)
+
+Execute (negative angle):
+  let g:prisms = [{'id': 1, 'angle': 0, 'x': 0, 'y': -10}, {'id': 2, 'angle': 0, 'x': 0, 'y': 10}, {'id': 3, 'angle': 0, 'x': 10, 'y': 0}]
+  let g:start = {'angle': -180, 'x': 0, 'y': 0}
+  let g:expected = {'sequence': []}
+  AssertEqual g:expected, FindSequence(g:prisms, g:start)
+
+Execute (large angle):
+  let g:prisms = [{'id': 1, 'angle': 0, 'x': 10, 'y': 0}]
+  let g:start = {'angle': 2340, 'x': 0, 'y': 0}
+  let g:expected = {'sequence': []}
+  AssertEqual g:expected, FindSequence(g:prisms, g:start)
+
+Execute (upward refraction two hits):
+  let g:prisms = [{'id': 1, 'angle': 0, 'x': 10, 'y': 10}, {'id': 2, 'angle': 90, 'x': 10, 'y': 0}]
+  let g:start = {'angle': 0, 'x': 0, 'y': 0}
+  let g:expected = {'sequence': [2, 1]}
+  AssertEqual g:expected, FindSequence(g:prisms, g:start)
+
+Execute (downward refraction two hits):
+  let g:prisms = [{'id': 1, 'angle': -90, 'x': 10, 'y': 0}, {'id': 2, 'angle': 0, 'x': 10, 'y': -10}]
+  let g:start = {'angle': 0, 'x': 0, 'y': 0}
+  let g:expected = {'sequence': [1, 2]}
+  AssertEqual g:expected, FindSequence(g:prisms, g:start)
+
+Execute (same prism twice):
+  let g:prisms = [{'id': 2, 'angle': 0, 'x': 10, 'y': 0}, {'id': 1, 'angle': -180, 'x': 20, 'y': 0}]
+  let g:start = {'angle': 0, 'x': 0, 'y': 0}
+  let g:expected = {'sequence': [2, 1, 2]}
+  AssertEqual g:expected, FindSequence(g:prisms, g:start)
+
+Execute (simple path):
+  let g:prisms = [{'id': 3, 'angle': 45, 'x': 30, 'y': 10}, {'id': 1, 'angle': -90, 'x': 10, 'y': 10}, {'id': 2, 'angle': 90, 'x': 10, 'y': 0}, {'id': 4, 'angle': 0, 'x': 20, 'y': 0}]
+  let g:start = {'angle': 0, 'x': 0, 'y': 0}
+  let g:expected = {'sequence': [2, 1, 3]}
+  AssertEqual g:expected, FindSequence(g:prisms, g:start)
+
+Execute (multiple prisms floating point precision):
+  let g:prisms = [{'id': 26, 'angle': 6.555, 'x': 5.8, 'y': 73.4}, {'id': 24, 'angle': -0.304, 'x': 36.2, 'y': 65.2}, {'id': 20, 'angle': 45.17, 'x': 20.4, 'y': 82.8}, {'id': 31, 'angle': 30.615, 'x': -20.2, 'y': 48.8}, {'id': 30, 'angle': 28.771, 'x': 24.0, 'y': 0.6}, {'id': 29, 'angle': 61.327, 'x': 31.4, 'y': 79.4}, {'id': 28, 'angle': -18.157, 'x': 36.4, 'y': 31.4}, {'id': 22, 'angle': 54.745, 'x': 47.0, 'y': 57.8}, {'id': 38, 'angle': 49.05, 'x': 36.4, 'y': 79.2}, {'id': 10, 'angle': 11.978, 'x': 37.8, 'y': 55.2}, {'id': 18, 'angle': 22.661, 'x': -26.0, 'y': 42.6}, {'id': 25, 'angle': 51.958, 'x': 38.8, 'y': 76.2}, {'id': 2, 'angle': -21.817, 'x': 0.0, 'y': 42.4}, {'id': 35, 'angle': -171.579, 'x': 21.4, 'y': 44.8}, {'id': 7, 'angle': 19.081, 'x': 14.2, 'y': -1.6}, {'id': 33, 'angle': -165.941, 'x': 11.2, 'y': 44.4}, {'id': 11, 'angle': 66.262, 'x': 15.4, 'y': 82.6}, {'id': 16, 'angle': 35.852, 'x': 30.8, 'y': 6.6}, {'id': 15, 'angle': 53.782, 'x': -3.0, 'y': 79.2}, {'id': 4, 'angle': 17.016, 'x': 29.0, 'y': 75.4}, {'id': 23, 'angle': 70.763, 'x': 41.6, 'y': 59.8}, {'id': 8, 'angle': -9.24, 'x': -10.0, 'y': 15.8}, {'id': 13, 'angle': 45.812, 'x': 48.6, 'y': 51.8}, {'id': 1, 'angle': 17.937, 'x': 13.2, 'y': 77.0}, {'id': 34, 'angle': -4.199, 'x': -8.8, 'y': 36.8}, {'id': 21, 'angle': 20.783, 'x': 24.4, 'y': 75.8}, {'id': 17, 'angle': 24.709, 'x': -4.4, 'y': 74.6}, {'id': 9, 'angle': -165.413, 'x': 30.8, 'y': 41.8}, {'id': 32, 'angle': 40.892, 'x': 4.2, 'y': 78.6}, {'id': 37, 'angle': 33.29, 'x': -15.8, 'y': 47.0}, {'id': 6, 'angle': 51.295, 'x': 1.0, 'y': 80.6}, {'id': 36, 'angle': 92.52, 'x': -27.0, 'y': 47.8}, {'id': 14, 'angle': -52.001, 'x': -2.0, 'y': 34.4}, {'id': 5, 'angle': 31.866, 'x': 23.2, 'y': 80.2}, {'id': 27, 'angle': -75.303, 'x': -5.6, 'y': 32.8}, {'id': 12, 'angle': 0.0, 'x': -1.0, 'y': 0.2}, {'id': 3, 'angle': 46.72, 'x': -6.6, 'y': 3.2}, {'id': 19, 'angle': -9.205, 'x': -13.8, 'y': 24.2}]
+  let g:start = {'angle': -6.429, 'x': 0, 'y': 0}
+  let g:expected = {'sequence': [7, 30, 16, 28, 13, 22, 23, 10, 9, 24, 25, 38, 29, 4, 35, 21, 5, 20, 11, 1, 33, 26, 32, 6, 15, 17, 2, 14, 27, 34, 37, 31, 36, 18, 19, 8, 3, 12]}
+  AssertEqual g:expected, FindSequence(g:prisms, g:start)
+
+Execute (complex path with multiple prisms floating point precision):
+  let g:prisms = [{'id': 46, 'angle': -88.332, 'x': 37.4, 'y': 20.6}, {'id': 72, 'angle': -90.774, 'x': -24.2, 'y': 23.4}, {'id': 25, 'angle': 98.562, 'x': 78.6, 'y': 7.8}, {'id': 60, 'angle': 115.56, 'x': -58.8, 'y': 31.6}, {'id': 22, 'angle': 63.515, 'x': 75.2, 'y': 28.0}, {'id': 2, 'angle': 91.176, 'x': 89.8, 'y': 27.8}, {'id': 23, 'angle': 30.829, 'x': 9.8, 'y': 30.8}, {'id': 69, 'angle': -88.315, 'x': 22.8, 'y': 20.6}, {'id': 44, 'angle': -116.565, 'x': -0.8, 'y': 15.6}, {'id': 36, 'angle': -90.0, 'x': -24.2, 'y': 8.2}, {'id': 53, 'angle': 0.0, 'x': -1.2, 'y': 0.0}, {'id': 52, 'angle': -143.896, 'x': 14.2, 'y': 24.0}, {'id': 5, 'angle': 93.128, 'x': -65.2, 'y': 21.6}, {'id': 66, 'angle': 31.608, 'x': 5.4, 'y': 15.6}, {'id': 51, 'angle': -100.976, 'x': -72.6, 'y': 21.0}, {'id': 65, 'angle': 87.455, 'x': 48.0, 'y': 10.2}, {'id': 21, 'angle': 68.352, 'x': -41.8, 'y': 0.0}, {'id': 18, 'angle': -128.362, 'x': -46.2, 'y': 19.2}, {'id': 10, 'angle': 90.939, 'x': 74.4, 'y': 0.4}, {'id': 15, 'angle': 84.958, 'x': 67.6, 'y': 0.4}, {'id': 35, 'angle': 89.176, 'x': 14.8, 'y': -0.4}, {'id': 1, 'angle': 89.105, 'x': 83.0, 'y': 0.2}, {'id': 68, 'angle': -29.867, 'x': 14.6, 'y': 28.0}, {'id': 67, 'angle': -136.643, 'x': 79.8, 'y': 18.6}, {'id': 38, 'angle': -90.848, 'x': 53.0, 'y': 14.6}, {'id': 31, 'angle': -61.837, 'x': -58.0, 'y': 6.6}, {'id': 74, 'angle': 85.966, 'x': -30.8, 'y': 0.4}, {'id': 48, 'angle': -161.222, 'x': -4.6, 'y': 10.0}, {'id': 12, 'angle': -91.164, 'x': 59.0, 'y': 5.0}, {'id': 33, 'angle': 90.734, 'x': -16.4, 'y': 18.4}, {'id': 4, 'angle': 71.127, 'x': 82.6, 'y': 27.6}, {'id': 75, 'angle': -1.108, 'x': -10.2, 'y': 30.6}, {'id': 28, 'angle': 86.863, 'x': 38.0, 'y': 0.0}, {'id': 11, 'angle': 92.353, 'x': 64.4, 'y': -0.2}, {'id': 9, 'angle': 67.249, 'x': -51.4, 'y': 31.6}, {'id': 26, 'angle': 61.113, 'x': -39.8, 'y': 30.8}, {'id': 30, 'angle': 111.33, 'x': -34.2, 'y': 0.6}, {'id': 56, 'angle': 70.445, 'x': -51.0, 'y': 0.2}, {'id': 41, 'angle': 91.219, 'x': -12.0, 'y': 0.0}, {'id': 24, 'angle': 86.586, 'x': 63.8, 'y': 14.4}, {'id': 70, 'angle': -87.238, 'x': -72.8, 'y': 13.4}, {'id': 3, 'angle': -91.685, 'x': 22.4, 'y': 7.0}, {'id': 13, 'angle': 90.0, 'x': 34.4, 'y': 7.0}, {'id': 16, 'angle': -136.02, 'x': -47.4, 'y': 11.4}, {'id': 6, 'angle': 90.415, 'x': 90.0, 'y': 0.2}, {'id': 54, 'angle': 85.969, 'x': 44.0, 'y': 27.8}, {'id': 32, 'angle': 91.615, 'x': -9.0, 'y': 0.0}, {'id': 8, 'angle': 0.535, 'x': -31.6, 'y': 30.8}, {'id': 39, 'angle': 90.0, 'x': -12.0, 'y': 8.2}, {'id': 14, 'angle': 92.342, 'x': -79.6, 'y': 32.4}, {'id': 42, 'angle': -85.867, 'x': 65.8, 'y': 20.8}, {'id': 40, 'angle': 87.109, 'x': -65.0, 'y': 14.0}, {'id': 45, 'angle': 23.697, 'x': 10.6, 'y': 18.8}, {'id': 71, 'angle': -88.531, 'x': -24.2, 'y': 18.6}, {'id': 7, 'angle': -89.148, 'x': -72.6, 'y': 6.4}, {'id': 62, 'angle': -140.8, 'x': -32.0, 'y': 24.8}, {'id': 49, 'angle': 89.415, 'x': 34.4, 'y': -0.2}, {'id': 63, 'angle': -138.429, 'x': 74.2, 'y': 12.6}, {'id': 59, 'angle': -140.177, 'x': 82.8, 'y': 13.0}, {'id': 34, 'angle': -88.238, 'x': -9.4, 'y': 23.2}, {'id': 76, 'angle': 1.2, 'x': -57.6, 'y': 0.0}, {'id': 43, 'angle': 116.565, 'x': 7.0, 'y': 0.0}, {'id': 20, 'angle': 1.469, 'x': 45.8, 'y': -0.2}, {'id': 37, 'angle': 84.785, 'x': -16.6, 'y': 13.2}, {'id': 58, 'angle': 89.481, 'x': -79.0, 'y': -0.2}, {'id': 50, 'angle': -86.987, 'x': -24.2, 'y': 12.8}, {'id': 64, 'angle': -92.203, 'x': 59.2, 'y': 10.2}, {'id': 61, 'angle': -83.66, 'x': -72.0, 'y': 26.4}, {'id': 47, 'angle': -82.992, 'x': 45.4, 'y': 5.8}, {'id': 17, 'angle': -52.938, 'x': -52.2, 'y': 17.8}, {'id': 57, 'angle': 84.627, 'x': -61.8, 'y': 32.0}, {'id': 29, 'angle': 92.954, 'x': 47.2, 'y': 28.2}, {'id': 27, 'angle': 87.397, 'x': -4.6, 'y': 0.2}, {'id': 55, 'angle': 94.086, 'x': -61.4, 'y': 26.4}, {'id': 73, 'angle': -62.229, 'x': -40.4, 'y': 13.4}, {'id': 19, 'angle': -87.181, 'x': 53.2, 'y': 20.6}]
+  let g:start = {'angle': 0.0, 'x': 0, 'y': 0}
+  let g:expected = {'sequence': [43, 44, 66, 45, 52, 35, 49, 13, 3, 69, 46, 28, 20, 11, 24, 38, 19, 42, 15, 10, 63, 25, 59, 1, 6, 2, 4, 67, 22, 29, 65, 64, 12, 47, 54, 68, 23, 75, 8, 26, 18, 9, 60, 17, 31, 7, 70, 40, 5, 51, 61, 55, 57, 14, 58, 76, 56, 16, 21, 30, 73, 62, 74, 41, 39, 36, 50, 37, 33, 71, 72, 34, 32, 27, 48, 53]}
+  AssertEqual g:expected, FindSequence(g:prisms, g:start)

exercises/practice/prism/prism.vim

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+"
+" Find the sequence of prisms hit by a laser
+" firing from a given point and angle in a 2D grid
+"
+function! FindSequence(prisms, start) abort
+  " your code goes here
+endfunction