code · pull · Jan 14, 2026 · Jan 14, 2026 · Jan 14, 2026 · Jan 14, 2026
diff --git a/.changeset/fix-node-app-render-hash-fragment.md b/.changeset/fix-node-app-render-hash-fragment.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+---
+'astro': patch
+---
+
+Improved error handling in the rendering phase
+
+Added defensive validation in `App.render()` and `#renderError()` to provide a descriptive error message when a route module doesn't have a valid page function.
diff --git a/.changeset/lazy-jeans-wave.md b/.changeset/lazy-jeans-wave.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+'@astrojs/node': patch
+---
+
+Fixes an issue where some prendered pages weren't correctly rendered when using the Node.js adapter in middleware mode.
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/core/app/index.ts b/packages/astro/src/core/app/index.ts
@@ -540,6 +540,14 @@ export class App {
 			// Load route module. We also catch its error here if it fails on initialization
 			const mod = await this.#pipeline.getModuleForRoute(routeData);
 
+			// Validate that the module has the expected structure
+			if (!mod || typeof mod.page !== 'function') {
+				throw new AstroError({
+					...AstroErrorData.FailedToFindPageMapSSR,
+					message: `The module for route "${routeData.route}" does not have a valid page function. This may occur when using static output mode with an SSR adapter.`,
+				});
+			}
+
 			const renderContext = await RenderContext.create({
 				pipeline: this.#pipeline,
 				locals,
@@ -552,6 +560,7 @@ export class App {
 			session = renderContext.session;
 			response = await renderContext.render(await mod.page());
 		} catch (err: any) {
+			this.#logger.error('router', 'Error while trying to render the route ' + routeData.route);
 			this.#logger.error(null, err.stack || err.message || String(err));
 			return this.#renderError(request, {
 				locals,
@@ -660,6 +669,15 @@ export class App {
 				}
 			}
 			const mod = await this.#pipeline.getModuleForRoute(errorRouteData);
+
+			// Validate that the module has the expected structure
+			if (!mod || typeof mod.page !== 'function') {
+				// If error page module is invalid, return a basic error response
+				const response = this.#mergeResponses(new Response(null, { status }), originalResponse);
+				Reflect.set(response, responseSentSymbol, true);
+				return response;
+			}
+
 			let session: AstroSession | undefined;
 			try {
 				const renderContext = await RenderContext.create({

diff --git a/packages/integrations/node/package.json b/packages/integrations/node/package.json
@@ -49,6 +49,9 @@
     "cheerio": "1.1.2",
     "devalue": "^5.6.1",
     "express": "^4.22.1",
+    "fastify": "^5.6.2",
+    "@fastify/middie": "^9.1.0",
+    "@fastify/static": "^9.0.0",
     "node-mocks-http": "^1.17.2"
   },
   "publishConfig": {

diff --git a/packages/integrations/node/src/serve-static.ts b/packages/integrations/node/src/serve-static.ts
@@ -20,7 +20,13 @@ export function createStaticHandler(app: NodeApp, options: Options) {
 	 */
 	return (req: IncomingMessage, res: ServerResponse, ssr: () => unknown) => {
 		if (req.url) {
-			const [urlPath, urlQuery] = req.url.split('?');
+			// There might be cases where the incoming URL has the #, which we want to remove.
+			let fullUrl = req.url;
+			if (req.url.includes('#')) {
+				fullUrl = fullUrl.slice(0, req.url.indexOf('#'));
+			}
+
+			const [urlPath, urlQuery] = fullUrl.split('?');
 			const filePath = path.join(client, app.removeBase(urlPath));
 
 			let isDirectory = false;

diff --git a/packages/integrations/node/test/bad-urls.test.js b/packages/integrations/node/test/bad-urls.test.js
@@ -46,4 +46,18 @@ describe('Bad URLs', () => {
 		const text = await stillWork.text();
 		assert.equal(text, '<!DOCTYPE html>Hello!');
 	});
+
+	it('Does not crash on URLs with hash fragments', async () => {
+		// Hash fragments are client-side only and stripped before reaching the server
+		// so /#foo should resolve to / and return 200 - see issue #14625
+		const hashURLs = ['/#', '/#foo', '/#/path'];
+		for (const hashUrl of hashURLs) {
+			const fetchResult = await fixture.fetch(hashUrl);
+			assert.equal(
+				fetchResult.status,
+				200,
+				`${hashUrl} should return 200 as hash fragments are stripped`,
+			);
+		}
+	});
 });
diff --git a/packages/integrations/node/test/fixtures/node-middleware/src/pages/dyn/[dynamic].astro b/packages/integrations/node/test/fixtures/node-middleware/src/pages/dyn/[dynamic].astro
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+---
+export const prerender = false;
+
+interface Props {
+	dynamic: string
+}
+
+export async function getStaticPaths() {
+	return [
+		{ params: { dynamic: 'foo' } },
+		{ params: { dynamic: 'bar' } }
+	];
+}
+
+const { dynamic } = Astro.params;
+
+---
+
+<html lang="en">
+<head><title>node-middleware</title></head>
+<style>
+</style>
+<body>
+<div>{dynamic}</div>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/packages/integrations/node/test/node-middleware.test.js b/packages/integrations/node/test/node-middleware.test.js
@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
 import * as assert from 'node:assert/strict';
 import { after, before, describe, it } from 'node:test';
+import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url';
+import fastifyMiddie from '@fastify/middie';
+import fastifyStatic from '@fastify/static';
 import * as cheerio from 'cheerio';
 import express from 'express';
+import Fastify from 'fastify';
 import nodejs from '../dist/index.js';
 import { loadFixture, waitServerListen } from './test-utils.js';
 
@@ -50,7 +54,7 @@ describe('behavior from middleware, standalone', () => {
 	});
 });
 
-describe('behavior from middleware, middleware', () => {
+describe('behavior from middleware, middleware with express', () => {
 	/** @type {import('./test-utils').Fixture} */
 	let fixture;
 	let server;
@@ -76,7 +80,7 @@ describe('behavior from middleware, middleware', () => {
 		delete process.env.PRERENDER;
 	});
 
-	it('when mode is middleware', async () => {
+	it('should render the endpoint', async () => {
 		const res = await fetch('http://localhost:8889/ssr');
 
 		assert.equal(res.status, 200);
@@ -87,4 +91,131 @@ describe('behavior from middleware, middleware', () => {
 		const body = $('body');
 		assert.equal(body.text().includes("Here's a random number"), true);
 	});
+
+	it('should render the index.html page [static]', async () => {
+		const res = await fetch('http://localhost:8889/');
+
+		assert.equal(res.status, 200);
+
+		const html = await res.text();
+		const $ = cheerio.load(html);
+
+		const body = $('body');
+		assert.equal(body.text().includes('1'), true);
+	});
+
+	it('should render the index.html page [static] when the URL has the hash', async () => {
+		const res = await fetch('http://localhost:8889/#');
+
+		assert.equal(res.status, 200);
+
+		const html = await res.text();
+		const $ = cheerio.load(html);
+
+		const body = $('body');
+		assert.equal(body.text().includes('1'), true);
+	});
+
+	it('should render the dynamic pages', async () => {
+		let res = await fetch('http://localhost:8889/dyn/foo');
+
+		assert.equal(res.status, 200);
+
+		let html = await res.text();
+		let $ = cheerio.load(html);
+
+		let body = $('body');
+		assert.equal(body.text().includes('foo'), true);
+
+		res = await fetch('http://localhost:8889/dyn/bar');
+
+		assert.equal(res.status, 200);
+
+		html = await res.text();
+		$ = cheerio.load(html);
+
+		body = $('body');
+		assert.equal(body.text().includes('bar'), true);
+	});
+});
+
+describe('behavior from middleware, middleware with fastify', () => {
+	/** @type {import('./test-utils').Fixture} */
+	let fixture;
+	let server;
+
+	before(async () => {
+		process.env.PRERENDER = false;
+		fixture = await loadFixture({
+			root: './fixtures/node-middleware/',
+			output: 'server',
+			adapter: nodejs({ mode: 'middleware' }),
+		});
+		await fixture.build();
+		const { handler } = await fixture.loadAdapterEntryModule();
+		const app = Fastify({ logger: false });
+		await app
+			.register(fastifyStatic, {
+				root: fileURLToPath(new URL('./dist/client', import.meta.url)),
+			})
+			.register(fastifyMiddie);
+		app.use(handler);
+
+		await app.listen({ port: 8889 });
+
+		server = app;
+	});
+
+	after(async () => {
+		server.close();
+		await fixture.clean();
+
+		delete process.env.PRERENDER;
+	});
+
+	it('should render the endpoint', async () => {
+		const res = await fetch('http://localhost:8889/ssr');
+
+		assert.equal(res.status, 200);
+
+		const html = await res.text();
+		const $ = cheerio.load(html);
+
+		const body = $('body');
+		assert.equal(body.text().includes("Here's a random number"), true);
+	});
+
+	it('should render the index.html page [static]', async () => {
+		const res = await fetch('http://localhost:8889');
+
+		assert.equal(res.status, 200);
+
+		const html = await res.text();
+		const $ = cheerio.load(html);
+
+		const body = $('body');
+		assert.equal(body.text().includes('1'), true);
+	});
+
+	it('should render the dynamic pages', async () => {
+		let res = await fetch('http://localhost:8889/dyn/foo');
+
+		assert.equal(res.status, 200);
+
+		let html = await res.text();
+		let $ = cheerio.load(html);
+
+		let body = $('body');
+		assert.equal(body.text().includes('foo'), true);
+
+		res = await fetch('http://localhost:8889/dyn/bar');
+
+		assert.equal(res.status, 200);
+
+		html = await res.text();
+		$ = cheerio.load(html);
+
+		body = $('body');
+		assert.equal(body.text().includes('bar'), true);
+	});
 });