feat(rust/sedona-geoparquet,rust/sedona-datasource): Add support for partition columns and discovery

[paleolimbot]

Still have to sort out some of the details here but the gist is

import sedona.db

sd = sedona.db.connect()

t = sd.funcs.table.sd_random_geometry()
t.select(
    grp=sd.funcs.floor(t.id / 100), geom=sd.funcs.st_setsrid(t.geometry, 3857)
).to_parquet("out_dir", partition_by="grp")

sd.read_parquet("out_dir").show(5)
# ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────┬──────┐
# │                     geom                     ┆  grp │
# │                   geometry                   ┆ utf8 │
# ╞══════════════════════════════════════════════╪══════╡
# │ POINT(59.63310565314948 22.488904786369556)  ┆ 9    │
# ├╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌┼╌╌╌╌╌╌┤
# │ POINT(83.12076970430842 21.796712564259458)  ┆ 9    │
# ├╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌┼╌╌╌╌╌╌┤
# │ POINT(30.891948399833048 18.511790453362643) ┆ 9    │
# ├╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌┼╌╌╌╌╌╌┤
# │ POINT(87.62900829596556 90.36699740467581)   ┆ 9    │
# ├╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌┼╌╌╌╌╌╌┤
# │ POINT(89.95104383376538 57.37266977967324)   ┆ 9    │
# └──────────────────────────────────────────────┴──────┘

Before this PR, the grp col wasn't shown (and there was no way to reconstruct it)

Closes #765.