[FLINK-39341][jdbc-driver] Implement DatabaseMetaData methods for DBeaver

[navis]

The most of codes/descriptions are made by claude

DatabaseMetaData

• getTables(catalog, schemaPattern, tableNamePattern, types) — Lists tables and views across catalogs/schemas using SHOW TABLES and SHOW VIEWS SQL statements. Supports filtering by table name pattern (SQL % and _ wildcards) and table type (TABLE, VIEW).
• getColumns(catalog, schemaPattern, tableNamePattern, columnNamePattern) — Retrieves column metadata (name, JDBC type, nullability, ordinal position) by executing SELECT * FROM LIMIT 0 and inspecting the ResolvedSchema. Maps Flink logical types to JDBC java.sql.Types constants.
• getSchemas(catalog, schemaPattern) — Previously threw UnsupportedOperationException. Now properly implemented with catalog and schema pattern filtering via SHOW DATABASES IN . The no-arg getSchemas() is refactored to delegate to this method.
• getPrimaryKeys(catalog, schema, table) — Returns primary key information from the table's ResolvedSchema when available.
• getTableTypes() — Returns the supported table types: TABLE and VIEW.

FlinkResultSet

• ROW type — Converted to Map<String, Object> preserving field names and values.
• ARRAY type — Converted to List with proper element type conversion.

[flinkbot]

CI report:

• e83f320 Azure: FAILURE

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[snuyanzin]

Thanks for contribution

1. since you use AI, can you use Generated-by: instead of Co-authored-by: as mentioned in Apache recommendations https://www.apache.org/legal/generative-tooling.html
2. I don't see any test here, how can we be show that it works?
   2.1 How can we be show it will not be broken by future changes?