🚗 Smart Parking System using Arduino

This is a Smart Parking System built with Arduino UNO, PIR motion sensors, Servo motors, and a 16x2 LCD display. The system uses two breadboards to neatly manage wiring and components. It monitors and updates the availability of parking slots, automates gate control, and displays real-time status on the LCD.

👨‍💻 Project by: Saptarshi Bose

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📌 Features

• ✅ Real-time slot availability detection via PIR sensors.
• 🚪 Automated gate control using servo motors.
• 📟 LCD screen shows up-to-date slot statuses.
• 🔁 Toggle logic for slot availability based on motion detection.
• 🔒 Prevents gate opening if all slots are occupied.

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🧩 Components & Descriptions

🔷 Arduino UNO R3

A microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P. It controls sensors, servos, and the LCD.

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🔷 PIR Motion Sensor

Detects movement. Used to: - Toggle slot availability. - Trigger gate openings.

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🔷 Servo Motor (SG90)

Used to simulate gate movement. Rotates 90° to open, and 0° to close.

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🔷 16x2 LCD Display

Displays parking slot availability. Controlled using the LiquidCrystal library.

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🔷 Potentiometer

Used to control the **contrast** of the LCD display. Connected to pin V0 of the LCD.

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🔷 220Ω Resistor

Connected in series with the **LCD backlight** (pin A/Anode) to limit current and prevent damage.

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🔷 Breadboards (x2)

Used for wiring components: - Breadboard 1: Sensors and servos - Breadboard 2: LCD and supporting components

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🔷 Jumper Wires

For easy connections across components and Arduino.

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🛠️ Hardware Summary

Component	Quantity
Arduino UNO	1
PIR Motion Sensors	4
Servo Motors	2
16x2 LCD Display	1
Potentiometer	1
220Ω Resistor	1
Breadboards	2
Jumper Wires	As needed
Power Source	1 (Battery or USB)

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🔌 Pin Configuration

Component	Arduino Pin
LCD (RS, E, D4–D7)	12, 11, 5, 4, 3, 2
PIR for Slot 1 Availability	7
PIR for Slot 2 Availability	8
PIR to Open Gate for Slot 1	13
PIR to Open Gate for Slot 2	6
Servo Motor for Slot 1 Gate	9
Servo Motor for Slot 2 Gate	10

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🧠 How It Works

• Slot Toggling Logic:

  • PIR at pin 7 toggles Slot 1 availability.
  • PIR at pin 8 toggles Slot 2 availability.

• Servo Gate Control:

  • PIR at pin 13 opens Servo 1 gate.
  • PIR at pin 6 opens Servo 2 gate only if at least one slot is available.

• LCD Display:

  • Displays:

    Slot 1: A / NA
    Slot 2: A / NA
    

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📷 Circuit Diagram (Simulation)

🧪 Simulated and tested using Tinkercad or a similar simulation platform.
🔗 View the Tinkercad Simulation

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🧪 Breadboard Usage

• Breadboard 1:

  • PIR sensors and servo motors.

• Breadboard 2:

  • LCD, potentiometer, 220Ω resistor, and control pins.

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💡 Future Enhancements

• Add buzzer/LED alerts for full capacity.
• Integrate Wi-Fi or Bluetooth for app-based monitoring.
• Expand to more slots using multiplexers or shift registers.

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📄 License

This project is open-source for educational and non-commercial use.

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Made with ❤️ using Arduino and real-world problem-solving by Saptarshi Bose.