Workaround for low volume with Apple USB-C to 3.5mm Adapter #1
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ExactExampl
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Bing-Jhong Billy Jheng reported null-ptr-deref in unix_stream_sendpage() with detailed analysis and a nice repro. unix_stream_sendpage() tries to add data to the last skb in the peer's recv queue without locking the queue. If the peer's FD is passed to another socket and the socket's FD is passed to the peer, there is a loop between them. If we close both sockets without receiving FD, the sockets will be cleaned up by garbage collection. The garbage collection iterates such sockets and unlinks skb with FD from the socket's receive queue under the queue's lock. So, there is a race where unix_stream_sendpage() could access an skb locklessly that is being released by garbage collection, resulting in use-after-free. To avoid the issue, unix_stream_sendpage() must lock the peer's recv queue. Note the issue does not exist in 6.5+ thanks to the recent sendpage() refactoring. This patch is originally written by Linus Torvalds. BUG: unable to handle page fault for address: ffff988004dd6870 PF: supervisor read access in kernel mode PF: error_code(0x0000) - not-present page PGD 0 P4D 0 PREEMPT SMP PTI CPU: 4 PID: 297 Comm: garbage_uaf Not tainted 6.1.46 #1 Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS rel-1.16.0-0-gd239552ce722-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014 RIP: 0010:kmem_cache_alloc_node+0xa2/0x1e0 Code: c0 0f 84 32 01 00 00 41 83 fd ff 74 10 48 8b 00 48 c1 e8 3a 41 39 c5 0f 85 1c 01 00 00 41 8b 44 24 28 49 8b 3c 24 48 8d 4a 40 <49> 8b 1c 06 4c 89 f0 65 48 0f c7 0f 0f 94 c0 84 c0 74 a1 41 8b 44 RSP: 0018:ffffc9000079fac0 EFLAGS: 00000246 RAX: 0000000000000070 RBX: 0000000000000005 RCX: 000000000001a284 RDX: 000000000001a244 RSI: 0000000000400cc0 RDI: 000000000002eee0 RBP: 0000000000400cc0 R08: 0000000000400cc0 R09: 0000000000000003 R10: 0000000000000001 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: ffff888003970f00 R13: 00000000ffffffff R14: ffff988004dd6800 R15: 00000000000000e8 FS: 00007f174d6f3600(0000) GS:ffff88807db00000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 CR2: ffff988004dd6870 CR3: 00000000092be000 CR4: 00000000007506e0 PKRU: 55555554 Call Trace: <TASK> ? __die_body.cold+0x1a/0x1f ? page_fault_oops+0xa9/0x1e0 ? fixup_exception+0x1d/0x310 ? exc_page_fault+0xa8/0x150 ? asm_exc_page_fault+0x22/0x30 ? kmem_cache_alloc_node+0xa2/0x1e0 ? __alloc_skb+0x16c/0x1e0 __alloc_skb+0x16c/0x1e0 alloc_skb_with_frags+0x48/0x1e0 sock_alloc_send_pskb+0x234/0x270 unix_stream_sendmsg+0x1f5/0x690 sock_sendmsg+0x5d/0x60 ____sys_sendmsg+0x210/0x260 ___sys_sendmsg+0x83/0xd0 ? kmem_cache_alloc+0xc6/0x1c0 ? avc_disable+0x20/0x20 ? percpu_counter_add_batch+0x53/0xc0 ? alloc_empty_file+0x5d/0xb0 ? alloc_file+0x91/0x170 ? alloc_file_pseudo+0x94/0x100 ? __fget_light+0x9f/0x120 __sys_sendmsg+0x54/0xa0 do_syscall_64+0x3b/0x90 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x69/0xd3 RIP: 0033:0x7f174d639a7d Code: 28 89 54 24 1c 48 89 74 24 10 89 7c 24 08 e8 8a c1 f4 ff 8b 54 24 1c 48 8b 74 24 10 41 89 c0 8b 7c 24 08 b8 2e 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 33 44 89 c7 48 89 44 24 08 e8 de c1 f4 ff 48 RSP: 002b:00007ffcb563ea50 EFLAGS: 00000293 ORIG_RAX: 000000000000002e RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 0000000000000000 RCX: 00007f174d639a7d RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 00007ffcb563eab0 RDI: 0000000000000007 RBP: 00007ffcb563eb10 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 00000000ffffffff R10: 00000000004040a0 R11: 0000000000000293 R12: 00007ffcb563ec28 R13: 0000000000401398 R14: 0000000000403e00 R15: 00007f174d72c000 </TASK> Bug: 299922588 Fixes: 869e7c6 ("net: af_unix: implement stream sendpage support") Reported-by: Bing-Jhong Billy Jheng <billy@starlabs.sg> Reviewed-by: Bing-Jhong Billy Jheng <billy@starlabs.sg> Co-developed-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Kuniyuki Iwashima <kuniyu@amazon.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> (cherry picked from commit 790c2f9d15b594350ae9bca7b236f2b1859de02c) Signed-off-by: Lee Jones <joneslee@google.com> Change-Id: Ied4a40e6ae0e594ef84f36287bc6194602935585
ExactExampl
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Dec 22, 2025
[ Upstream commit 4d322dce82a1d44f8c83f0f54f95dd1b8dcf46c9 ]
syzbot reported a lockdep splat [1].
Blamed commit hinted about the possible lockdep
violation, and code used unix_state_lock_nested()
in an attempt to silence lockdep.
It is not sufficient, because unix_state_lock_nested()
is already used from unix_state_double_lock().
We need to use a separate subclass.
This patch adds a distinct enumeration to make things
more explicit.
Also use swap() in unix_state_double_lock() as a clean up.
v2: add a missing inline keyword to unix_state_lock_nested()
[1]
WARNING: possible circular locking dependency detected
6.8.0-rc1-syzkaller-00356-g8a696a29c690 #0 Not tainted
syz-executor.1/2542 is trying to acquire lock:
ffff88808b5df9e8 (rlock-AF_UNIX){+.+.}-{2:2}, at: skb_queue_tail+0x36/0x120 net/core/skbuff.c:3863
but task is already holding lock:
ffff88808b5dfe70 (&u->lock/1){+.+.}-{2:2}, at: unix_dgram_sendmsg+0xfc7/0x2200 net/unix/af_unix.c:2089
which lock already depends on the new lock.
the existing dependency chain (in reverse order) is:
-> #1 (&u->lock/1){+.+.}-{2:2}:
lock_acquire+0x1e3/0x530 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:5754
_raw_spin_lock_nested+0x31/0x40 kernel/locking/spinlock.c:378
sk_diag_dump_icons net/unix/diag.c:87 [inline]
sk_diag_fill+0x6ea/0xfe0 net/unix/diag.c:157
sk_diag_dump net/unix/diag.c:196 [inline]
unix_diag_dump+0x3e9/0x630 net/unix/diag.c:220
netlink_dump+0x5c1/0xcd0 net/netlink/af_netlink.c:2264
__netlink_dump_start+0x5d7/0x780 net/netlink/af_netlink.c:2370
netlink_dump_start include/linux/netlink.h:338 [inline]
unix_diag_handler_dump+0x1c3/0x8f0 net/unix/diag.c:319
sock_diag_rcv_msg+0xe3/0x400
netlink_rcv_skb+0x1df/0x430 net/netlink/af_netlink.c:2543
sock_diag_rcv+0x2a/0x40 net/core/sock_diag.c:280
netlink_unicast_kernel net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1341 [inline]
netlink_unicast+0x7e6/0x980 net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1367
netlink_sendmsg+0xa37/0xd70 net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1908
sock_sendmsg_nosec net/socket.c:730 [inline]
__sock_sendmsg net/socket.c:745 [inline]
sock_write_iter+0x39a/0x520 net/socket.c:1160
call_write_iter include/linux/fs.h:2085 [inline]
new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:497 [inline]
vfs_write+0xa74/0xca0 fs/read_write.c:590
ksys_write+0x1a0/0x2c0 fs/read_write.c:643
do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:52 [inline]
do_syscall_64+0xf5/0x230 arch/x86/entry/common.c:83
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x63/0x6b
-> #0 (rlock-AF_UNIX){+.+.}-{2:2}:
check_prev_add kernel/locking/lockdep.c:3134 [inline]
check_prevs_add kernel/locking/lockdep.c:3253 [inline]
validate_chain+0x1909/0x5ab0 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:3869
__lock_acquire+0x1345/0x1fd0 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:5137
lock_acquire+0x1e3/0x530 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:5754
__raw_spin_lock_irqsave include/linux/spinlock_api_smp.h:110 [inline]
_raw_spin_lock_irqsave+0xd5/0x120 kernel/locking/spinlock.c:162
skb_queue_tail+0x36/0x120 net/core/skbuff.c:3863
unix_dgram_sendmsg+0x15d9/0x2200 net/unix/af_unix.c:2112
sock_sendmsg_nosec net/socket.c:730 [inline]
__sock_sendmsg net/socket.c:745 [inline]
____sys_sendmsg+0x592/0x890 net/socket.c:2584
___sys_sendmsg net/socket.c:2638 [inline]
__sys_sendmmsg+0x3b2/0x730 net/socket.c:2724
__do_sys_sendmmsg net/socket.c:2753 [inline]
__se_sys_sendmmsg net/socket.c:2750 [inline]
__x64_sys_sendmmsg+0xa0/0xb0 net/socket.c:2750
do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:52 [inline]
do_syscall_64+0xf5/0x230 arch/x86/entry/common.c:83
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x63/0x6b
other info that might help us debug this:
Possible unsafe locking scenario:
CPU0 CPU1
---- ----
lock(&u->lock/1);
lock(rlock-AF_UNIX);
lock(&u->lock/1);
lock(rlock-AF_UNIX);
*** DEADLOCK ***
1 lock held by syz-executor.1/2542:
#0: ffff88808b5dfe70 (&u->lock/1){+.+.}-{2:2}, at: unix_dgram_sendmsg+0xfc7/0x2200 net/unix/af_unix.c:2089
stack backtrace:
CPU: 1 PID: 2542 Comm: syz-executor.1 Not tainted 6.8.0-rc1-syzkaller-00356-g8a696a29c690 #0
Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 11/17/2023
Call Trace:
<TASK>
__dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:88 [inline]
dump_stack_lvl+0x1e7/0x2d0 lib/dump_stack.c:106
check_noncircular+0x366/0x490 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:2187
check_prev_add kernel/locking/lockdep.c:3134 [inline]
check_prevs_add kernel/locking/lockdep.c:3253 [inline]
validate_chain+0x1909/0x5ab0 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:3869
__lock_acquire+0x1345/0x1fd0 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:5137
lock_acquire+0x1e3/0x530 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:5754
__raw_spin_lock_irqsave include/linux/spinlock_api_smp.h:110 [inline]
_raw_spin_lock_irqsave+0xd5/0x120 kernel/locking/spinlock.c:162
skb_queue_tail+0x36/0x120 net/core/skbuff.c:3863
unix_dgram_sendmsg+0x15d9/0x2200 net/unix/af_unix.c:2112
sock_sendmsg_nosec net/socket.c:730 [inline]
__sock_sendmsg net/socket.c:745 [inline]
____sys_sendmsg+0x592/0x890 net/socket.c:2584
___sys_sendmsg net/socket.c:2638 [inline]
__sys_sendmmsg+0x3b2/0x730 net/socket.c:2724
__do_sys_sendmmsg net/socket.c:2753 [inline]
__se_sys_sendmmsg net/socket.c:2750 [inline]
__x64_sys_sendmmsg+0xa0/0xb0 net/socket.c:2750
do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:52 [inline]
do_syscall_64+0xf5/0x230 arch/x86/entry/common.c:83
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x63/0x6b
RIP: 0033:0x7f26d887cda9
Code: 28 00 00 00 75 05 48 83 c4 28 c3 e8 e1 20 00 00 90 48 89 f8 48 89 f7 48 89 d6 48 89 ca 4d 89 c2 4d 89 c8 4c 8b 4c 24 08 0f 05 <48> 3d 01 f0 ff ff 73 01 c3 48 c7 c1 b0 ff ff ff f7 d8 64 89 01 48
RSP: 002b:00007f26d95a60c8 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000133
RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007f26d89abf80 RCX: 00007f26d887cda9
RDX: 000000000000003e RSI: 00000000200bd000 RDI: 0000000000000004
RBP: 00007f26d88c947a R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000
R10: 00000000000008c0 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 0000000000000000
R13: 000000000000000b R14: 00007f26d89abf80 R15: 00007ffcfe081a68
Fixes: 2aac7a2 ("unix_diag: Pending connections IDs NLA")
Reported-by: syzbot <syzkaller@googlegroups.com>
Change-Id: I1edd4036bd364c8fa0d83d4675b31f5b7f9d9958
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Kuniyuki Iwashima <kuniyu@amazon.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240130184235.1620738-1-edumazet@google.com
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
(cherry picked from commit 875f31aaa67e306098befa5e798a049075910fa7)
ExactExampl
pushed a commit
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Dec 22, 2025
…nix_gc().
commit 1971d13ffa84a551d29a81fdf5b5ec5be166ac83 upstream.
syzbot reported a lockdep splat regarding unix_gc_lock and
unix_state_lock().
One is called from recvmsg() for a connected socket, and another
is called from GC for TCP_LISTEN socket.
So, the splat is false-positive.
Let's add a dedicated lock class for the latter to suppress the splat.
Note that this change is not necessary for net-next.git as the issue
is only applied to the old GC impl.
[0]:
WARNING: possible circular locking dependency detected
6.9.0-rc5-syzkaller-00007-g4d2008430ce8 #0 Not tainted
-----------------------------------------------------
kworker/u8:1/11 is trying to acquire lock:
ffff88807cea4e70 (&u->lock){+.+.}-{2:2}, at: spin_lock include/linux/spinlock.h:351 [inline]
ffff88807cea4e70 (&u->lock){+.+.}-{2:2}, at: __unix_gc+0x40e/0xf70 net/unix/garbage.c:302
but task is already holding lock:
ffffffff8f6ab638 (unix_gc_lock){+.+.}-{2:2}, at: spin_lock include/linux/spinlock.h:351 [inline]
ffffffff8f6ab638 (unix_gc_lock){+.+.}-{2:2}, at: __unix_gc+0x117/0xf70 net/unix/garbage.c:261
which lock already depends on the new lock.
the existing dependency chain (in reverse order) is:
-> #1 (unix_gc_lock){+.+.}-{2:2}:
lock_acquire+0x1ed/0x550 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:5754
__raw_spin_lock include/linux/spinlock_api_smp.h:133 [inline]
_raw_spin_lock+0x2e/0x40 kernel/locking/spinlock.c:154
spin_lock include/linux/spinlock.h:351 [inline]
unix_notinflight+0x13d/0x390 net/unix/garbage.c:140
unix_detach_fds net/unix/af_unix.c:1819 [inline]
unix_destruct_scm+0x221/0x350 net/unix/af_unix.c:1876
skb_release_head_state+0x100/0x250 net/core/skbuff.c:1188
skb_release_all net/core/skbuff.c:1200 [inline]
__kfree_skb net/core/skbuff.c:1216 [inline]
kfree_skb_reason+0x16d/0x3b0 net/core/skbuff.c:1252
kfree_skb include/linux/skbuff.h:1262 [inline]
manage_oob net/unix/af_unix.c:2672 [inline]
unix_stream_read_generic+0x1125/0x2700 net/unix/af_unix.c:2749
unix_stream_splice_read+0x239/0x320 net/unix/af_unix.c:2981
do_splice_read fs/splice.c:985 [inline]
splice_file_to_pipe+0x299/0x500 fs/splice.c:1295
do_splice+0xf2d/0x1880 fs/splice.c:1379
__do_splice fs/splice.c:1436 [inline]
__do_sys_splice fs/splice.c:1652 [inline]
__se_sys_splice+0x331/0x4a0 fs/splice.c:1634
do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:52 [inline]
do_syscall_64+0xf5/0x240 arch/x86/entry/common.c:83
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f
-> #0 (&u->lock){+.+.}-{2:2}:
check_prev_add kernel/locking/lockdep.c:3134 [inline]
check_prevs_add kernel/locking/lockdep.c:3253 [inline]
validate_chain+0x18cb/0x58e0 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:3869
__lock_acquire+0x1346/0x1fd0 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:5137
lock_acquire+0x1ed/0x550 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:5754
__raw_spin_lock include/linux/spinlock_api_smp.h:133 [inline]
_raw_spin_lock+0x2e/0x40 kernel/locking/spinlock.c:154
spin_lock include/linux/spinlock.h:351 [inline]
__unix_gc+0x40e/0xf70 net/unix/garbage.c:302
process_one_work kernel/workqueue.c:3254 [inline]
process_scheduled_works+0xa10/0x17c0 kernel/workqueue.c:3335
worker_thread+0x86d/0xd70 kernel/workqueue.c:3416
kthread+0x2f0/0x390 kernel/kthread.c:388
ret_from_fork+0x4b/0x80 arch/x86/kernel/process.c:147
ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:244
other info that might help us debug this:
Possible unsafe locking scenario:
CPU0 CPU1
---- ----
lock(unix_gc_lock);
lock(&u->lock);
lock(unix_gc_lock);
lock(&u->lock);
*** DEADLOCK ***
3 locks held by kworker/u8:1/11:
#0: ffff888015089148 ((wq_completion)events_unbound){+.+.}-{0:0}, at: process_one_work kernel/workqueue.c:3229 [inline]
#0: ffff888015089148 ((wq_completion)events_unbound){+.+.}-{0:0}, at: process_scheduled_works+0x8e0/0x17c0 kernel/workqueue.c:3335
#1: ffffc90000107d00 (unix_gc_work){+.+.}-{0:0}, at: process_one_work kernel/workqueue.c:3230 [inline]
#1: ffffc90000107d00 (unix_gc_work){+.+.}-{0:0}, at: process_scheduled_works+0x91b/0x17c0 kernel/workqueue.c:3335
#2: ffffffff8f6ab638 (unix_gc_lock){+.+.}-{2:2}, at: spin_lock include/linux/spinlock.h:351 [inline]
#2: ffffffff8f6ab638 (unix_gc_lock){+.+.}-{2:2}, at: __unix_gc+0x117/0xf70 net/unix/garbage.c:261
stack backtrace:
CPU: 0 PID: 11 Comm: kworker/u8:1 Not tainted 6.9.0-rc5-syzkaller-00007-g4d2008430ce8 #0
Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 03/27/2024
Workqueue: events_unbound __unix_gc
Call Trace:
<TASK>
__dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:88 [inline]
dump_stack_lvl+0x241/0x360 lib/dump_stack.c:114
check_noncircular+0x36a/0x4a0 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:2187
check_prev_add kernel/locking/lockdep.c:3134 [inline]
check_prevs_add kernel/locking/lockdep.c:3253 [inline]
validate_chain+0x18cb/0x58e0 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:3869
__lock_acquire+0x1346/0x1fd0 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:5137
lock_acquire+0x1ed/0x550 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:5754
__raw_spin_lock include/linux/spinlock_api_smp.h:133 [inline]
_raw_spin_lock+0x2e/0x40 kernel/locking/spinlock.c:154
spin_lock include/linux/spinlock.h:351 [inline]
__unix_gc+0x40e/0xf70 net/unix/garbage.c:302
process_one_work kernel/workqueue.c:3254 [inline]
process_scheduled_works+0xa10/0x17c0 kernel/workqueue.c:3335
worker_thread+0x86d/0xd70 kernel/workqueue.c:3416
kthread+0x2f0/0x390 kernel/kthread.c:388
ret_from_fork+0x4b/0x80 arch/x86/kernel/process.c:147
ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:244
</TASK>
Fixes: 47d8ac011fe1 ("af_unix: Fix garbage collector racing against connect()")
Reported-and-tested-by: syzbot+fa379358c28cc87cc307@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Closes: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/bug?extid=fa379358c28cc87cc307
Change-Id: If679e3c1dd8a6ae69a421de905905b4fe1e353a5
Signed-off-by: Kuniyuki Iwashima <kuniyu@amazon.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240424170443.9832-1-kuniyu@amazon.com
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
(cherry picked from commit b29dcdd0582c00cd6ee0bd7c958d3639aa9db27f)
ExactExampl
pushed a commit
that referenced
this pull request
Dec 22, 2025
[ Upstream commit cd1cb3350561d2bf544ddfef76fbf0b1c9c7178f ]
Turns out hotplugging CPUs that are in exclusive cpusets can lead to the
cpuset code feeding empty cpumasks to the sched domain rebuild machinery.
This leads to the following splat:
Internal error: Oops: 96000004 [#1] PREEMPT SMP
Modules linked in:
CPU: 0 PID: 235 Comm: kworker/5:2 Not tainted 5.4.0-rc1-00005-g8d495477d62e #23
Hardware name: ARM Juno development board (r0) (DT)
Workqueue: events cpuset_hotplug_workfn
pstate: 60000005 (nZCv daif -PAN -UAO)
pc : build_sched_domains (./include/linux/arch_topology.h:23 kernel/sched/topology.c:1898 kernel/sched/topology.c:1969)
lr : build_sched_domains (kernel/sched/topology.c:1966)
Call trace:
build_sched_domains (./include/linux/arch_topology.h:23 kernel/sched/topology.c:1898 kernel/sched/topology.c:1969)
partition_sched_domains_locked (kernel/sched/topology.c:2250)
rebuild_sched_domains_locked (./include/linux/bitmap.h:370 ./include/linux/cpumask.h:538 kernel/cgroup/cpuset.c:955 kernel/cgroup/cpuset.c:978 kernel/cgroup/cpuset.c:1019)
rebuild_sched_domains (kernel/cgroup/cpuset.c:1032)
cpuset_hotplug_workfn (kernel/cgroup/cpuset.c:3205 (discriminator 2))
process_one_work (./arch/arm64/include/asm/jump_label.h:21 ./include/linux/jump_label.h:200 ./include/trace/events/workqueue.h:114 kernel/workqueue.c:2274)
worker_thread (./include/linux/compiler.h:199 ./include/linux/list.h:268 kernel/workqueue.c:2416)
kthread (kernel/kthread.c:255)
ret_from_fork (arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S:1167)
Code: f860dae2 912802d6 aa1603e1 12800000 (f8616853)
The faulty line in question is:
cap = arch_scale_cpu_capacity(cpumask_first(cpu_map));
and we're not checking the return value against nr_cpu_ids (we shouldn't
have to!), which leads to the above.
Prevent generate_sched_domains() from returning empty cpumasks, and add
some assertion in build_sched_domains() to scream bloody murder if it
happens again.
The above splat was obtained on my Juno r0 with the following reproducer:
$ cgcreate -g cpuset:asym
$ cgset -r cpuset.cpus=0-3 asym
$ cgset -r cpuset.mems=0 asym
$ cgset -r cpuset.cpu_exclusive=1 asym
$ cgcreate -g cpuset:smp
$ cgset -r cpuset.cpus=4-5 smp
$ cgset -r cpuset.mems=0 smp
$ cgset -r cpuset.cpu_exclusive=1 smp
$ cgset -r cpuset.sched_load_balance=0 .
$ echo 0 > /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu4/online
$ echo 0 > /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu5/online
Signed-off-by: Valentin Schneider <valentin.schneider@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Dietmar.Eggemann@arm.com
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: hannes@cmpxchg.org
Cc: lizefan@huawei.com
Cc: morten.rasmussen@arm.com
Cc: qperret@google.com
Cc: tj@kernel.org
Cc: vincent.guittot@linaro.org
Fixes: 05484e098448 ("sched/topology: Add SD_ASYM_CPUCAPACITY flag detection")
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20191023153745.19515-2-valentin.schneider@arm.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
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This patch implements deduplication feature in zram. The purpose of this work is naturally to save amount of memory usage by zram. Android is one of the biggest users to use zram as swap and it's really important to save amount of memory usage. There is a paper that reports that duplication ratio of Android's memory content is rather high [1]. And, there is a similar work on zswap that also reports that experiments has shown that around 10-15% of pages stored in zswp are duplicates and deduplicate them provides some benefits [2]. Also, there is a different kind of workload that uses zram as blockdev and store build outputs into it to reduce wear-out problem of real blockdev. In this workload, deduplication hit is very high due to temporary files and intermediate object files. Detailed analysis is on the bottom of this description. Anyway, if we can detect duplicated content and avoid to store duplicated content at different memory space, we can save memory. This patch tries to do that. Implementation is almost simple and intuitive but I should note one thing about implementation detail. To check duplication, this patch uses checksum of the page and collision of this checksum could be possible. There would be many choices to handle this situation but this patch chooses to allow entry with duplicated checksum to be added to the hash, but, not to compare all entries with duplicated checksum when checking duplication. I guess that checksum collision is quite rare event and we don't need to pay any attention to such a case. Therefore, I decided the most simplest way to implement the feature. If there is a different opinion, I can accept and go that way. Following is the result of this patch. Test result #1 (Swap): Android Marshmallow, emulator, x86_64, Backporting to kernel v3.18 orig_data_size: 145297408 compr_data_size: 32408125 mem_used_total: 32276480 dup_data_size: 3188134 meta_data_size: 1444272 Last two metrics added to mm_stat are related to this work. First one, dup_data_size, is amount of saved memory by avoiding to store duplicated page. Later one, meta_data_size, is the amount of data structure to support deduplication. If dup > meta, we can judge that the patch improves memory usage. In Adnroid, we can save 5% of memory usage by this work. Test result #2 (Blockdev): build the kernel and store output to ext4 FS on zram <no-dedup> Elapsed time: 249 s mm_stat: 430845952 191014886 196898816 0 196898816 28320 0 0 0 <dedup> Elapsed time: 250 s mm_stat: 430505984 190971334 148365312 0 148365312 28404 0 47287038 3945792 There is no performance degradation and save 23% memory. Test result #3 (Blockdev): copy android build output dir(out/host) to ext4 FS on zram <no-dedup> Elapsed time: out/host: 88 s mm_stat: 8834420736 3658184579 3834208256 0 3834208256 32889 0 0 0 <dedup> Elapsed time: out/host: 100 s mm_stat: 8832929792 3657329322 2832015360 0 2832015360 32609 0 952568877 80880336 It shows performance degradation roughly 13% and save 24% memory. Maybe, it is due to overhead of calculating checksum and comparison. Test result #4 (Blockdev): copy android build output dir(out/target/common) to ext4 FS on zram <no-dedup> Elapsed time: out/host: 203 s mm_stat: 4041678848 2310355010 2346577920 0 2346582016 500 4 0 0 <dedup> Elapsed time: out/host: 201 s mm_stat: 4041666560 2310488276 1338150912 0 1338150912 476 0 989088794 24564336 Memory is saved by 42% and performance is the same. Even if there is overhead of calculating checksum and comparison, large hit ratio compensate it since hit leads to less compression attempt. I checked the detailed reason of savings on kernel build workload and there are some cases that deduplication happens. 1) *.cmd Build command is usually similar in one directory so content of these file are very similar. In my system, more than 789 lines in fs/ext4/.namei.o.cmd and fs/ext4/.inode.o.cmd are the same in 944 and 938 lines of the file, respectively. 2) intermediate object files built-in.o and temporary object file have the similar contents. More than 50% of fs/ext4/ext4.o is the same with fs/ext4/built-in.o. 3) vmlinux .tmp_vmlinux1 and .tmp_vmlinux2 and arch/x86/boo/compressed/vmlinux.bin have the similar contents. Android test has similar case that some of object files(.class and .so) are similar with another ones. (./host/linux-x86/lib/libartd.so and ./host/linux-x86-lib/libartd-comiler.so) Anyway, benefit seems to be largely dependent on the workload so following patch will make this feature optional. However, this feature can help some usecases so is deserved to be merged. [1]: MemScope: Analyzing Memory Duplication on Android Systems, dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2797023 [2]: zswap: Optimize compressed pool memory utilization, lkml.kernel.org/r/1341407574.7551.1471584870761.JavaMail.weblogic@epwas3p2 Change-Id: I8fe80c956c33f88a6af337d50d9e210e5c35ce37 Reviewed-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com> Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/patchwork/patch/787162/ Patch-mainline: linux-kernel@ Thu, 11 May 2017 22:30:26 Signed-off-by: Charan Teja Reddy <charante@codeaurora.org> Signed-off-by: Marco Zanin <mrczn.bb@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: snnbyyds <snnbyyds@gmail.com>
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https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/242221770