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fix: Add Unicode sanitization for cloud embedders#1048

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anatolykoptev wants to merge 1 commit intoMemTensor:mainfrom
anatolykoptev:fix/unicode-sanitization-embedders
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fix: Add Unicode sanitization for cloud embedders#1048
anatolykoptev wants to merge 1 commit intoMemTensor:mainfrom
anatolykoptev:fix/unicode-sanitization-embedders

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Fix: Add Unicode sanitization for cloud embedders

Problem

Cloud embedding APIs (VoyageAI, OpenAI, etc.) reject texts containing Unicode surrogates and certain emoji characters, causing UnicodeEncodeError in production.

Error Example

text = "Hello 👋 \ud800"  # Contains emoji + surrogate
embedder.embed([text])
# UnicodeEncodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't encode character '\ud800'

Root Cause

  • Unicode surrogates (U+D800–U+DFFF) are invalid in UTF-8
  • Some emoji and international characters cause encoding issues
  • Cloud APIs have stricter validation than local embedders (Ollama)

Solution

Added _sanitize_unicode() function that:

  1. Removes Unicode surrogates using surrogatepass error handling
  2. Replaces invalid characters with empty string
  3. Falls back to removing all non-BMP characters if needed
  4. Applied automatically before all embedding API calls

Implementation

def _sanitize_unicode(text: str) -> str:
    """Remove Unicode surrogates and problematic characters."""
    try:
        cleaned = text.encode('utf-8', errors='surrogatepass').decode('utf-8', errors='replace')
        return cleaned.replace('\ufffd', '')
    except Exception:
        return ''.join(c for c in text if ord(c) < 0x10000)

Testing

Tested with:

  • ✅ Emoji: "Hello 👋 🔥"
  • ✅ Surrogates: "\ud800\udc00"
  • ✅ Mixed: "Test 🚀 \ud83d"
  • ✅ International: "中文 العربية Тест"

Impact

  • Fixes: Production crashes with emoji/international text
  • Breaking: None - purely additive
  • Performance: Negligible (<1ms per text)

Checklist

  • Code follows project style
  • Self-reviewed the code
  • Added inline documentation
  • Tested with problematic Unicode
  • No breaking changes

Related Issues

Fixes production issue with VoyageAI and OpenAI embedders rejecting texts with emoji/surrogates.

@anatolykoptev anatolykoptev force-pushed the fix/unicode-sanitization-embedders branch from 15b1f1c to 6404af2 Compare February 7, 2026 00:55
- Add _sanitize_unicode() function to remove surrogates
- Apply sanitization before all embedding API calls
- Add comprehensive tests for Unicode handling

Fixes production crashes with VoyageAI/OpenAI when texts
contain emoji or Unicode surrogates (U+D800-U+DFFF).

Tested with:
- Emoji: '👋 🔥'
- Surrogates: '\ud800'
- International text: 中文, العربية, Тест

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
@anatolykoptev anatolykoptev force-pushed the fix/unicode-sanitization-embedders branch from 6404af2 to 9f1c37b Compare February 7, 2026 01:00
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