add pg_ducklake

pg_ducklake/benchmark.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+set -e
+
+sudo apt-get update -y
+sudo apt-get install -y docker.io postgresql-client
+
+wget --continue --progress=dot:giga https://datasets.clickhouse.com/hits_compatible/athena/hits.parquet
+sudo docker run -d --name pgduck -p 5432:5432 -e POSTGRES_PASSWORD=duckdb -v ./hits.parquet:/tmp/hits.parquet pgducklake/pgducklake:18-main -c duckdb.max_memory=10GB
+
+sleep 5 # wait for pgducklake start up
+
+echo -n "Load time: "
+command time -f '%e' psql postgres://postgres:duckdb@localhost:5432/postgres -f create.sql 2>&1
+
+./run.sh 2>&1 | tee log.txt
+
+echo -n "Data size: "
+sudo docker exec -i pgduck du -bcs /var/lib/postgresql/ | grep total
+
+cat log.txt | grep -oP 'Time: \d+\.\d+ ms|psql: error' | sed -r -e 's/Time: ([0-9]+\.[0-9]+) ms/\1/; s/^.*psql: error.*$/null/' |
+    awk '{ if (i % 3 == 0) { printf "[" }; if ($1 == "null") { printf $1 } else { printf $1 / 1000 }; if (i % 3 != 2) { printf "," } else { print "]," }; ++i; }'

pg_ducklake/create.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+create table hits using ducklake as
+select
+    r['WatchID'] AS WatchID,
+    r['JavaEnable'] AS JavaEnable,
+    r['Title']::text AS Title,
+    r['GoodEvent'] AS GoodEvent,
+    ('epoch'::timestamp + (r['EventTime'] * interval '1 second'))::timestamp AS EventTime,
+    (DATE '1970-01-01' + (r['EventDate'] * interval '1 day'))::date AS EventDate,
+    r['CounterID'] AS CounterID,
+    r['ClientIP'] AS ClientIP,
+    r['RegionID'] AS RegionID,
+    r['UserID'] AS UserID,
+    r['CounterClass'] AS CounterClass,
+    r['OS'] AS OS,
+    r['UserAgent'] AS UserAgent,
+    r['URL']::text AS URL,
+    r['Referer']::text AS Referer,
+    r['IsRefresh'] AS IsRefresh,
+    r['RefererCategoryID'] AS RefererCategoryID,
+    r['RefererRegionID'] AS RefererRegionID,
+    r['URLCategoryID'] AS URLCategoryID,
+    r['URLRegionID'] AS URLRegionID,
+    r['ResolutionWidth'] AS ResolutionWidth,
+    r['ResolutionHeight'] AS ResolutionHeight,
+    r['ResolutionDepth'] AS ResolutionDepth,
+    r['FlashMajor'] AS FlashMajor,
+    r['FlashMinor'] AS FlashMinor,
+    r['FlashMinor2'] AS FlashMinor2,
+    r['NetMajor'] AS NetMajor,
+    r['NetMinor'] AS NetMinor,
+    r['UserAgentMajor'] AS UserAgentMajor,
+    r['UserAgentMinor'] AS UserAgentMinor,
+    r['CookieEnable'] AS CookieEnable,
+    r['JavascriptEnable'] AS JavascriptEnable,
+    r['IsMobile'] AS IsMobile,
+    r['MobilePhone'] AS MobilePhone,
+    r['MobilePhoneModel'] AS MobilePhoneModel,
+    r['Params'] AS Params,
+    r['IPNetworkID'] AS IPNetworkID,
+    r['TraficSourceID'] AS TraficSourceID,
+    r['SearchEngineID'] AS SearchEngineID,
+    r['SearchPhrase'] AS SearchPhrase,
+    r['AdvEngineID'] AS AdvEngineID,
+    r['IsArtifical'] AS IsArtifical,
+    r['WindowClientWidth'] AS WindowClientWidth,
+    r['WindowClientHeight'] AS WindowClientHeight,
+    r['ClientTimeZone'] AS ClientTimeZone,
+    ('epoch'::timestamp + (r['ClientEventTime'] * interval '1 second'))::timestamp AS ClientEventTime,
+    r['SilverlightVersion1'] AS SilverlightVersion1,
+    r['SilverlightVersion2'] AS SilverlightVersion2,
+    r['SilverlightVersion3'] AS SilverlightVersion3,
+    r['SilverlightVersion4'] AS SilverlightVersion4,
+    r['PageCharset'] AS PageCharset,
+    r['CodeVersion'] AS CodeVersion,
+    r['IsLink'] AS IsLink,
+    r['IsDownload'] AS IsDownload,
+    r['IsNotBounce'] AS IsNotBounce,
+    r['FUniqID'] AS FUniqID,
+    r['OriginalURL'] AS OriginalURL,
+    r['HID'] AS HID,
+    r['IsOldCounter'] AS IsOldCounter,
+    r['IsEvent'] AS IsEvent,
+    r['IsParameter'] AS IsParameter,
+    r['DontCountHits'] AS DontCountHits,
+    r['WithHash'] AS WithHash,
+    r['HitColor'] AS HitColor,
+    ('epoch'::timestamp + (r['LocalEventTime'] * interval '1 second'))::timestamp AS LocalEventTime,
+    r['Age'] AS Age,
+    r['Sex'] AS Sex,
+    r['Income'] AS Income,
+    r['Interests'] AS Interests,
+    r['Robotness'] AS Robotness,
+    r['RemoteIP'] AS RemoteIP,
+    r['WindowName'] AS WindowName,
+    r['OpenerName'] AS OpenerName,
+    r['HistoryLength'] AS HistoryLength,
+    r['BrowserLanguage'] AS BrowserLanguage,
+    r['BrowserCountry'] AS BrowserCountry,
+    r['SocialNetwork'] AS SocialNetwork,
+    r['SocialAction'] AS SocialAction,
+    r['HTTPError'] AS HTTPError,
+    r['SendTiming'] AS SendTiming,
+    r['DNSTiming'] AS DNSTiming,
+    r['ConnectTiming'] AS ConnectTiming,
+    r['ResponseStartTiming'] AS ResponseStartTiming,
+    r['ResponseEndTiming'] AS ResponseEndTiming,
+    r['FetchTiming'] AS FetchTiming,
+    r['SocialSourceNetworkID'] AS SocialSourceNetworkID,
+    r['SocialSourcePage'] AS SocialSourcePage,
+    r['ParamPrice'] AS ParamPrice,
+    r['ParamOrderID'] AS ParamOrderID,
+    r['ParamCurrency'] AS ParamCurrency,
+    r['ParamCurrencyID'] AS ParamCurrencyID,
+    r['OpenstatServiceName'] AS OpenstatServiceName,
+    r['OpenstatCampaignID'] AS OpenstatCampaignID,
+    r['OpenstatAdID'] AS OpenstatAdID,
+    r['OpenstatSourceID'] AS OpenstatSourceID,
+    r['UTMSource'] AS UTMSource,
+    r['UTMMedium'] AS UTMMedium,
+    r['UTMCampaign'] AS UTMCampaign,
+    r['UTMContent'] AS UTMContent,
+    r['UTMTerm'] AS UTMTerm,
+    r['FromTag'] AS FromTag,
+    r['HasGCLID'] AS HasGCLID,
+    r['RefererHash'] AS RefererHash,
+    r['URLHash'] AS URLHash,
+    r['CLID'] AS CLID
+from read_parquet('/tmp/hits.parquet', binary_as_string => true) r;

pg_ducklake/queries.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM hits;
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM hits WHERE AdvEngineID <> 0;
+SELECT SUM(AdvEngineID), COUNT(*), AVG(ResolutionWidth) FROM hits;
+SELECT AVG(UserID) FROM hits;
+SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT UserID) FROM hits;
+SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT SearchPhrase) FROM hits;
+SELECT MIN(EventDate), MAX(EventDate) FROM hits;
+SELECT AdvEngineID, COUNT(*) FROM hits WHERE AdvEngineID <> 0 GROUP BY AdvEngineID ORDER BY COUNT(*) DESC;
+SELECT RegionID, COUNT(DISTINCT UserID) AS u FROM hits GROUP BY RegionID ORDER BY u DESC LIMIT 10;
+SELECT RegionID, SUM(AdvEngineID), COUNT(*) AS c, AVG(ResolutionWidth), COUNT(DISTINCT UserID) FROM hits GROUP BY RegionID ORDER BY c DESC LIMIT 10;
+SELECT MobilePhoneModel, COUNT(DISTINCT UserID) AS u FROM hits WHERE MobilePhoneModel <> '' GROUP BY MobilePhoneModel ORDER BY u DESC LIMIT 10;
+SELECT MobilePhone, MobilePhoneModel, COUNT(DISTINCT UserID) AS u FROM hits WHERE MobilePhoneModel <> '' GROUP BY MobilePhone, MobilePhoneModel ORDER BY u DESC LIMIT 10;
+SELECT SearchPhrase, COUNT(*) AS c FROM hits WHERE SearchPhrase <> '' GROUP BY SearchPhrase ORDER BY c DESC LIMIT 10;
+SELECT SearchPhrase, COUNT(DISTINCT UserID) AS u FROM hits WHERE SearchPhrase <> '' GROUP BY SearchPhrase ORDER BY u DESC LIMIT 10;
+SELECT SearchEngineID, SearchPhrase, COUNT(*) AS c FROM hits WHERE SearchPhrase <> '' GROUP BY SearchEngineID, SearchPhrase ORDER BY c DESC LIMIT 10;
+SELECT UserID, COUNT(*) FROM hits GROUP BY UserID ORDER BY COUNT(*) DESC LIMIT 10;
+SELECT UserID, SearchPhrase, COUNT(*) FROM hits GROUP BY UserID, SearchPhrase ORDER BY COUNT(*) DESC LIMIT 10;
+SELECT UserID, SearchPhrase, COUNT(*) FROM hits GROUP BY UserID, SearchPhrase LIMIT 10;
+SELECT UserID, extract(minute FROM EventTime) AS m, SearchPhrase, COUNT(*) FROM hits GROUP BY UserID, m, SearchPhrase ORDER BY COUNT(*) DESC LIMIT 10;
+SELECT UserID FROM hits WHERE UserID = 435090932899640449;
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM hits WHERE URL LIKE '%google%';
+SELECT SearchPhrase, MIN(URL), COUNT(*) AS c FROM hits WHERE URL LIKE '%google%' AND SearchPhrase <> '' GROUP BY SearchPhrase ORDER BY c DESC LIMIT 10;
+SELECT SearchPhrase, MIN(URL), MIN(Title), COUNT(*) AS c, COUNT(DISTINCT UserID) FROM hits WHERE Title LIKE '%Google%' AND URL NOT LIKE '%.google.%' AND SearchPhrase <> '' GROUP BY SearchPhrase ORDER BY c DESC LIMIT 10;
+SELECT * FROM hits WHERE URL LIKE '%google%' ORDER BY EventTime LIMIT 10;
+SELECT SearchPhrase FROM hits WHERE SearchPhrase <> '' ORDER BY EventTime LIMIT 10;
+SELECT SearchPhrase FROM hits WHERE SearchPhrase <> '' ORDER BY SearchPhrase LIMIT 10;
+SELECT SearchPhrase FROM hits WHERE SearchPhrase <> '' ORDER BY EventTime, SearchPhrase LIMIT 10;
+SELECT CounterID, AVG(length(URL)) AS l, COUNT(*) AS c FROM hits WHERE URL <> '' GROUP BY CounterID HAVING COUNT(*) > 100000 ORDER BY l DESC LIMIT 25;
+SELECT REGEXP_REPLACE(Referer, '^https?://(?:www\.)?([^/]+)/.*$', '\1') AS k, AVG(length(Referer)) AS l, COUNT(*) AS c, MIN(Referer) FROM hits WHERE Referer <> '' GROUP BY k HAVING COUNT(*) > 100000 ORDER BY l DESC LIMIT 25;
+SELECT SUM(ResolutionWidth), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 1), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 2), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 3), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 4), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 5), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 6), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 7), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 8), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 9), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 10), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 11), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 12), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 13), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 14), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 15), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 16), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 17), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 18), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 19), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 20), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 21), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 22), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 23), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 24), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 25), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 26), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 27), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 28), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 29), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 30), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 31), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 32), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 33), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 34), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 35), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 36), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 37), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 38), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 39), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 40), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 41), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 42), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 43), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 44), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 45), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 46), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 47), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 48), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 49), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 50), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 51), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 52), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 53), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 54), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 55), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 56), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 57), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 58), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 59), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 60), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 61), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 62), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 63), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 64), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 65), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 66), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 67), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 68), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 69), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 70), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 71), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 72), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 73), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 74), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 75), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 76), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 77), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 78), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 79), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 80), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 81), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 82), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 83), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 84), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 85), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 86), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 87), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 88), SUM(ResolutionWidth + 89) FROM hits;
+SELECT SearchEngineID, ClientIP, COUNT(*) AS c, SUM(IsRefresh), AVG(ResolutionWidth) FROM hits WHERE SearchPhrase <> '' GROUP BY SearchEngineID, ClientIP ORDER BY c DESC LIMIT 10;
+SELECT WatchID, ClientIP, COUNT(*) AS c, SUM(IsRefresh), AVG(ResolutionWidth) FROM hits WHERE SearchPhrase <> '' GROUP BY WatchID, ClientIP ORDER BY c DESC LIMIT 10;
+SELECT WatchID, ClientIP, COUNT(*) AS c, SUM(IsRefresh), AVG(ResolutionWidth) FROM hits GROUP BY WatchID, ClientIP ORDER BY c DESC LIMIT 10;
+SELECT URL, COUNT(*) AS c FROM hits GROUP BY URL ORDER BY c DESC LIMIT 10;
+SELECT 1, URL, COUNT(*) AS c FROM hits GROUP BY 1, URL ORDER BY c DESC LIMIT 10;
+SELECT ClientIP, ClientIP - 1, ClientIP - 2, ClientIP - 3, COUNT(*) AS c FROM hits GROUP BY ClientIP, ClientIP - 1, ClientIP - 2, ClientIP - 3 ORDER BY c DESC LIMIT 10;
+SELECT URL, COUNT(*) AS PageViews FROM hits WHERE CounterID = 62 AND EventDate >= '2013-07-01' AND EventDate <= '2013-07-31' AND DontCountHits = 0 AND IsRefresh = 0 AND URL <> '' GROUP BY URL ORDER BY PageViews DESC LIMIT 10;
+SELECT Title, COUNT(*) AS PageViews FROM hits WHERE CounterID = 62 AND EventDate >= '2013-07-01' AND EventDate <= '2013-07-31' AND DontCountHits = 0 AND IsRefresh = 0 AND Title <> '' GROUP BY Title ORDER BY PageViews DESC LIMIT 10;
+SELECT URL, COUNT(*) AS PageViews FROM hits WHERE CounterID = 62 AND EventDate >= '2013-07-01' AND EventDate <= '2013-07-31' AND IsRefresh = 0 AND IsLink <> 0 AND IsDownload = 0 GROUP BY URL ORDER BY PageViews DESC LIMIT 10 OFFSET 1000;
+SELECT TraficSourceID, SearchEngineID, AdvEngineID, CASE WHEN (SearchEngineID = 0 AND AdvEngineID = 0) THEN Referer ELSE '' END AS Src, URL AS Dst, COUNT(*) AS PageViews FROM hits WHERE CounterID = 62 AND EventDate >= '2013-07-01' AND EventDate <= '2013-07-31' AND IsRefresh = 0 GROUP BY TraficSourceID, SearchEngineID, AdvEngineID, Src, Dst ORDER BY PageViews DESC LIMIT 10 OFFSET 1000;
+SELECT URLHash, EventDate, COUNT(*) AS PageViews FROM hits WHERE CounterID = 62 AND EventDate >= '2013-07-01' AND EventDate <= '2013-07-31' AND IsRefresh = 0 AND TraficSourceID IN (-1, 6) AND RefererHash = 3594120000172545465 GROUP BY URLHash, EventDate ORDER BY PageViews DESC LIMIT 10 OFFSET 100;
+SELECT WindowClientWidth, WindowClientHeight, COUNT(*) AS PageViews FROM hits WHERE CounterID = 62 AND EventDate >= '2013-07-01' AND EventDate <= '2013-07-31' AND IsRefresh = 0 AND DontCountHits = 0 AND URLHash = 2868770270353813622 GROUP BY WindowClientWidth, WindowClientHeight ORDER BY PageViews DESC LIMIT 10 OFFSET 10000;
+SELECT DATE_TRUNC('minute', EventTime) AS M, COUNT(*) AS PageViews FROM hits WHERE CounterID = 62 AND EventDate >= '2013-07-14' AND EventDate <= '2013-07-15' AND IsRefresh = 0 AND DontCountHits = 0 GROUP BY DATE_TRUNC('minute', EventTime) ORDER BY DATE_TRUNC('minute', EventTime) LIMIT 10 OFFSET 1000;

pg_ducklake/results/c6a.4xlarge.json

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+{
+    "system":  "pg_ducklake",
+    "date": "2026-01-22",
+    "machine": "c6a.4xlarge",
+    "cluster_size": 1,
+    "proprietary":  "no",
+    "hardware": "cpu",
+    "tuned":  "no",
+    "tags":  ["column-oriented","PostgreSQL compatible", "lukewarm-cold-run"],
+    "load_time": 93.95,
+    "data_size": 14378439891,
+    "result": [
+      [0.358329,0.003243,0.002577],
+      [0.304912,0.032367,0.030995],
+      [0.419534,0.053724,0.053974],
+      [1.20638,0.047637,0.04709],
+      [1.70042,0.247668,0.248871],
+      [1.73253,0.44234,0.440345],
+      [0.16756,0.033926,0.03317],
+      [0.383286,0.034359,0.032727],
+      [1.48776,0.406932,0.410867],
+      [1.88431,0.520919,0.52289],
+      [1.30133,0.118989,0.115565],
+      [1.67178,0.144067,0.140077],
+      [1.97717,0.462893,0.465399],
+      [3.67377,0.798237,0.820332],
+      [1.79265,0.523758,0.531904],
+      [1.099,0.312754,0.31557],
+      [3.83149,0.891766,0.912247],
+      [3.36577,0.702824,0.703113],
+      [7.26021,1.76622,1.78438],
+      [0.212289,0.029212,0.028365],
+      [10.3132,0.865901,0.863253],
+      [12.2893,0.939393,0.966405],
+      [20.1503,1.62257,1.61551],
+      [3.11453,0.369581,0.371386],
+      [0.386905,0.092639,0.079938],
+      [2.10451,0.2287,0.230152],
+      [0.434909,0.064355,0.063202],
+      [10.4124,1.00012,1.00744],
+      [9.32583,8.36457,8.31132],
+      [0.460624,0.063022,0.062375],
+      [3.71484,0.490669,0.499561],
+      [7.80084,0.579667,0.574134],
+      [6.42594,1.80026,1.87264],
+      [10.3995,2.16111,2.15899],
+      [10.4117,2.22497,2.14273],
+      [0.667533,0.450148,0.456124],
+      [0.158975,0.070187,0.067082],
+      [0.318069,0.029968,0.029922],
+      [0.407992,0.048538,0.042037],
+      [0.210574,0.104541,0.086629],
+      [0.152496,0.02389,0.024677],
+      [0.352524,0.028008,0.026809],
+      [0.355746,0.032128,0.029448]
+]
+}

pg_ducklake/results/c6a.xlarge.json

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+{
+    "system":   "pg_ducklake",
+    "date": "2026-01-21",
+    "machine": "c6a.xlarge",
+    "cluster_size": 1,
+    "proprietary":   "no",
+    "hardware": "cpu",
+    "tuned":   "no",
+    "tags":   ["column-oriented","PostgreSQL compatible", "lukewarm-cold-run"],
+    "load_time": 131.89,
+    "data_size": 14403222390,
+    "result": [
+      [0.419685,0.00347,0.002752],
+      [0.549026,0.075349,0.075537],
+      [1.00263,0.193674,0.192751],
+      [1.16848,0.163853,0.163433],
+      [1.72052,0.828793,0.838691],
+      [2.32957,1.3953,1.39133],
+      [0.595009,0.114611,0.114151],
+      [0.569755,0.084823,0.083809],
+      [2.23208,1.25616,1.26362],
+      [3.06032,1.67818,1.69383],
+      [1.5518,0.377411,0.375841],
+      [1.81538,0.474402,0.472184],
+      [2.37542,1.43768,1.43485],
+      [4.28577,2.26273,2.28311],
+      [2.80034,1.6257,1.63986],
+      [1.89932,0.967983,0.983002],
+      [4.39881,2.96853,2.99695],
+      [3.59435,2.31012,2.31644],
+      [8.33636,5.9488,6.45869],
+      [0.716877,0.075185,0.074564],
+      [10.1201,3.00122,3.38025],
+      [12.3118,3.01709,3.01119],
+      [19.9692,5.54399,5.48446],
+      [2.66708,0.918497,0.907774],
+      [0.801723,0.22768,0.237503],
+      [1.73319,0.861207,0.856386],
+      [0.727712,0.192882,0.206855],
+      [10.0341,3.52107,3.50371],
+      [33.2059,31.806,31.8046],
+      [0.853564,0.178584,0.177118],
+      [3.809,1.6408,1.64184],
+      [7.97836,1.79472,1.80199],
+      [8.92026,7.42491,7.33177],
+      [11.1781,8.04339,7.93158],
+      [11.2136,8.59746,8.59502],
+      [2.08724,1.4724,1.46332],
+      [0.456639,0.094725,0.096047],
+      [0.379498,0.047462,0.046218],
+      [0.40735,0.046603,0.049856],
+      [0.56051,0.1574,0.154484],
+      [0.37359,0.026685,0.026118],
+      [0.363551,0.029908,0.028155],
+      [0.372222,0.040061,0.039667]
+]
+}

pg_ducklake/run.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+TRIES=3
+
+cat queries.sql | while read -r query; do
+    sync
+    echo 3 | sudo tee /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
+
+    echo "$query"
+    (
+        echo '\timing'
+        yes "$query" | head -n $TRIES
+    ) | psql --no-psqlrc --tuples-only postgres://postgres:duckdb@localhost:5432/postgres 2>&1
+done

pg_ducklake/template.json

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+{
+  "system": "pg_ducklake",
+  "proprietary": "no",
+  "hardware": "cpu",
+  "tuned": "no",
+  "tags": [
+    "column-oriented",
+    "PostgreSQL compatible",
+    "lukewarm-cold-run"
+  ]
+}