chore: UB updates

[ledwards2225]

Fixes the following from UB meta issue:

• F11 (zk_sumcheck_data.hpp) — Signed 1 << n is UB when n≥31; changed to 1UL <<
• F10 (rom_table.cpp, ram_table.cpp, twin_rom_table.cpp, databus.cpp) — OOB vector access after context->failure() soft fail; added early returns
• F9 (field_declarations.hpp, field_impl_x64.hpp) — asm_self_* functions write through const& which is UB; changed to mutable ref