Learn-Python

🐍 Python Fundamentals Repository

This repository contains a collection of Python scripts designed to teach core programming concepts. The files range from basic syntax to Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) and file handling.

📂 Repository Contents

1. Basics & Syntax

• hello.py
  • Core Concepts: Basic printing, single and multi-line comments, and variable assignment.
  • Data Types: Covers Strings (str), Integers (int), Floats (float), and Booleans (bool).
  • Modules: Demonstrates importing standard libraries like math (for pi and sqrt) and random.

2. Control Flow & Logic

• loops_and_conditions.py
  • Conditionals: Usage of if, elif, and else statements for decision making.
  • Loops:
    • for loops iterating over lists and ranges.
    • while loops with counters.
  • Flow Control: Implementation of continue to skip iterations and else blocks within loops.

3. Data Structures

• lists.py
  • Lists: Creating lists and using methods like .append(), .insert(), .remove(), .pop(), .reverse(), and .sort().
  • Dictionaries: Creating key-value pairs, accessing data safely with .get(), updating values, and removing keys.
  • Tuples: Immutable sequences and indexing.
  • Sets: Handling unique collections and adding items.

4. Functions

• functions.py
  • Definitions: Creating functions using def, handling parameters, and returning values.
  • Arguments: Using default argument values (e.g., width=10).
  • Lambdas: Introduction to anonymous functions (e.g., lambda x: x ** x).

5. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

• classes.py
  • Classes & Objects: Defining classes (e.g., Cat), constructors (__init__), and methods.
  • Encapsulation: Using protected attributes (like _balance) and getter/setter patterns in an Account class.
  • Inheritance: Creating child classes (e.g., Mammal inheriting from Animal) and using super().
  • Polymorphism: Demonstrating method overriding and abstract concepts with Shape, Circle, and Square.

6. File Handling & Exceptions

• io.py
  • File I/O: Reading (r), writing (w), and appending (a) to text files.
  • Context Managers: Using the with statement to automatically close files.
  • Error Handling: Implementing try and except blocks to catch errors like FileNotFoundError.

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🚀 How to Run

Ensure you have Python installed. You can run any of the scripts using your terminal or command prompt:

# Example: Run the basics script
python hello.py

# Example: Run the OOP examples
python classes.py