qrenc.c

/**
 * qrencode - QR Code encoder
 *
 * QR Code encoding tool
 * Copyright (C) 2006-2017 Kentaro Fukuchi <kentaro@fukuchi.org>
 *
 * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
 * version 2.1 of the License, or any later version.
 *
 * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
 */

#if HAVE_CONFIG_H
# include "config.h"
#endif
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <getopt.h>
#include <errno.h>
#if HAVE_PNG
#include <png.h>
#endif

#include "qrencode.h"

#define INCHES_PER_METER (100.0/2.54)

static int casesensitive = 1;
static int eightbit = 0;
static int version = 0;
static int size = 3;
static int margin = -1;
static int dpi = 72;
static int structured = 0;
static int rle = 0;
static int svg_path = 0;
static int micro = 0;
static int inline_svg = 0;
static QRecLevel level = QR_ECLEVEL_L;
static QRencodeMode hint = QR_MODE_8;
static unsigned char fg_color[4] = {0, 0, 0, 255};
static unsigned char bg_color[4] = {255, 255, 255, 255};

static int verbose = 0;

enum imageType {
	PNG_TYPE,
	PNG32_TYPE,
	EPS_TYPE,
	SVG_TYPE,
	XPM_TYPE,
	ANSI_TYPE,
	ANSI256_TYPE,
	ASCII_TYPE,
	ASCIIi_TYPE,
	UTF8_TYPE,
	ANSIUTF8_TYPE,
	UTF8i_TYPE,
	ANSIUTF8i_TYPE
};

static enum imageType image_type = PNG_TYPE;

static const struct option options[] = {
	{"help"         , no_argument      , NULL, 'h'},
	{"output"       , required_argument, NULL, 'o'},
	{"read-from"    , required_argument, NULL, 'r'},
	{"level"        , required_argument, NULL, 'l'},
	{"size"         , required_argument, NULL, 's'},
	{"symversion"   , required_argument, NULL, 'v'},
	{"margin"       , required_argument, NULL, 'm'},
	{"dpi"          , required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
	{"type"         , required_argument, NULL, 't'},
	{"structured"   , no_argument      , NULL, 'S'},
	{"kanji"        , no_argument      , NULL, 'k'},
	{"casesensitive", no_argument      , NULL, 'c'},
	{"ignorecase"   , no_argument      , NULL, 'i'},
	{"8bit"         , no_argument      , NULL, '8'},
	{"rle"          , no_argument      , &rle,   1},
	{"svg-path"     , no_argument      , &svg_path, 1},
	{"inline"       , no_argument      , &inline_svg, 1},
	{"micro"        , no_argument      , NULL, 'M'},
	{"foreground"   , required_argument, NULL, 'f'},
	{"background"   , required_argument, NULL, 'b'},
	{"version"      , no_argument      , NULL, 'V'},
	{"verbose"      , no_argument      , &verbose, 1},
	{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
};

static char *optstring = "ho:r:l:s:v:m:d:t:Skci8MV";

static void usage(int help, int longopt, int status)
{
	FILE *out = status ? stderr : stdout;
	fprintf(out,
"qrencode version %s\n"
"Copyright (C) 2006-2017 Kentaro Fukuchi\n", QRcode_APIVersionString());
	if(help) {
		if(longopt) {
			fprintf(out,
"Usage: qrencode [OPTION]... [STRING]\n"
"Encode input data in a QR Code and save as a PNG or EPS image.\n\n"
"  -h, --help   display the help message. -h displays only the help of short\n"
"               options.\n\n"
"  -o FILENAME, --output=FILENAME\n"
"               write image to FILENAME. If '-' is specified, the result\n"
"               will be output to standard output. If -S is given, structured\n"
"               symbols are written to FILENAME-01.png, FILENAME-02.png, ...\n"
"               (suffix is removed from FILENAME, if specified)\n\n"
"  -r FILENAME, --read-from=FILENAME\n"
"               read input data from FILENAME.\n\n"
"  -s NUMBER, --size=NUMBER\n"
"               specify module size in dots (pixels). (default=3)\n\n"
"  -l {LMQH}, --level={LMQH}\n"
"               specify error correction level from L (lowest) to H (highest).\n"
"               (default=L)\n\n"
"  -v NUMBER, --symversion=NUMBER\n"
"               specify the minimum version of the symbol. See SYMBOL VERSIONS\n"
"               for more information. (default=auto)\n\n"
"  -m NUMBER, --margin=NUMBER\n"
"               specify the width of the margins. (default=4 (2 for Micro QR)))\n\n"
"  -d NUMBER, --dpi=NUMBER\n"
"               specify the DPI of the generated PNG. (default=72)\n\n"
"  -t {PNG,PNG32,EPS,SVG,XPM,ANSI,ANSI256,ASCII,ASCIIi,UTF8,ANSIUTF8},\n"
"  --type={PNG,PNG32,EPS,SVG,XPM,ANSI,ANSI256,ASCII,ASCIIi,UTF8,ANSIUTF8}\n"
"               specify the type of the generated image. (default=PNG)\n\n"
"  -S, --structured\n"
"               make structured symbols. Version must be specified.\n\n"
"  -k, --kanji  assume that the input text contains kanji (shift-jis).\n\n"
"  -c, --casesensitive\n"
"               encode lower-case alphabet characters in 8-bit mode. (default)\n\n"
"  -i, --ignorecase\n"
"               ignore case distinctions and use only upper-case characters.\n\n"
"  -8, --8bit   encode entire data in 8-bit mode. -k, -c and -i will be ignored.\n\n"
"      --rle    enable run-length encoding for SVG.\n\n"
"      --svg-path\n"
"               use single path to draw modules for SVG.\n\n"
"      --inline only useful for SVG output, generates an SVG without the XML tag.\n"
"  -M, --micro  encode in a Micro QR Code. (experimental)\n\n"
"      --foreground=RRGGBB[AA]\n"
"      --background=RRGGBB[AA]\n"
"               specify foreground/background color in hexadecimal notation.\n"
"               6-digit (RGB) or 8-digit (RGBA) form are supported.\n"
"               Color output support available only in PNG, EPS and SVG.\n\n"
"  -V, --version\n"
"               display the version number and copyrights of the qrencode.\n\n"
"      --verbose\n"
"               display verbose information to stderr.\n\n"
"  [STRING]     input data. If it is not specified, data will be taken from\n"
"               standard input.\n\n"
"SYMBOL VERSIONS\n"
"               The symbol versions of QR Code range from Version 1 to Version\n"
"               40. Each version has a different module configuration or number\n"
"               of modules, ranging from Version 1 (21 x 21 modules) up to\n"
"               Version 40 (177 x 177 modules). Each higher version number\n"
"               comprises 4 additional modules per side by default. See\n"
"               http://www.qrcode.com/en/about/version.html for a detailed\n"
"               version list.\n"

			);
		} else {
			fprintf(out,
"Usage: qrencode [OPTION]... [STRING]\n"
"Encode input data in a QR Code and save as a PNG or EPS image.\n\n"
"  -h           display this message.\n"
"  --help       display the usage of long options.\n"
"  -o FILENAME  write image to FILENAME. If '-' is specified, the result\n"
"               will be output to standard output. If -S is given, structured\n"
"               symbols are written to FILENAME-01.png, FILENAME-02.png, ...\n"
"               (suffix is removed from FILENAME, if specified)\n"
"  -r FILENAME  read input data from FILENAME.\n"
"  -s NUMBER    specify module size in dots (pixels). (default=3)\n"
"  -l {LMQH}    specify error correction level from L (lowest) to H (highest).\n"
"               (default=L)\n"
"  -v NUMBER    specify the minimum version of the symbol. (default=auto)\n"
"  -m NUMBER    specify the width of the margins. (default=4 (2 for Micro))\n"
"  -d NUMBER    specify the DPI of the generated PNG. (default=72)\n"
"  -t {PNG,PNG32,EPS,SVG,XPM,ANSI,ANSI256,ASCII,ASCIIi,UTF8,ANSIUTF8}\n"
"               specify the type of the generated image. (default=PNG)\n"
"  -S           make structured symbols. Version must be specified.\n"
"  -k           assume that the input text contains kanji (shift-jis).\n"
"  -c           encode lower-case alphabet characters in 8-bit mode. (default)\n"
"  -i           ignore case distinctions and use only upper-case characters.\n"
"  -8           encode entire data in 8-bit mode. -k, -c and -i will be ignored.\n"
"  -M           encode in a Micro QR Code.\n"
"  -V           display the version number and copyrights of the qrencode.\n"
"  [STRING]     input data. If it is not specified, data will be taken from\n"
"               standard input.\n\n"
"  Try \"qrencode --help\" for more options.\n"
			);
		}
	}
}

static int color_set(unsigned char color[4], const char *value)
{
	int len = strlen(value);
	int i, count;
	unsigned int col[4];
	if(len == 6) {
		count = sscanf(value, "%02x%02x%02x%n", &col[0], &col[1], &col[2], &len);
		if(count < 3 || len != 6) {
			return -1;
		}
		for(i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
			color[i] = col[i];
		}
		color[3] = 255;
	} else if(len == 8) {
		count = sscanf(value, "%02x%02x%02x%02x%n", &col[0], &col[1], &col[2], &col[3], &len);
		if(count < 4 || len != 8) {
			return -1;
		}
		for(i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
			color[i] = col[i];
		}
	} else {
		return -1;
	}
	return 0;
}

#define MAX_DATA_SIZE (7090 * 2) /* timed by the safty factor 2 */
static unsigned char data_buffer[MAX_DATA_SIZE];
static unsigned char *readFile(FILE *fp, int *length)
{
	int ret;

	ret = fread(data_buffer, 1, MAX_DATA_SIZE, fp);
	if(ret == 0) {
		fprintf(stderr, "No input data.\n");
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}
	if(feof(fp) == 0) {
		fprintf(stderr, "Input data is too large.\n");
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}

	data_buffer[ret] = '\0';
	*length = ret;

	return data_buffer;
}

static FILE *openFile(const char *outfile)
{
	FILE *fp;

	if(outfile == NULL || (outfile[0] == '-' && outfile[1] == '\0')) {
		fp = stdout;
	} else {
		fp = fopen(outfile, "wb");
		if(fp == NULL) {
			fprintf(stderr, "Failed to create file: %s\n", outfile);
			perror(NULL);
			exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
		}
	}

	return fp;
}

#if HAVE_PNG
static void fillRow(unsigned char *row, int num, const unsigned char color[])
{
	int i;

	for(i = 0; i < num; i++) {
		memcpy(row, color, 4);
		row += 4;
	}
}
#endif

static int writePNG(const QRcode *qrcode, const char *outfile, enum imageType type)
{
#if HAVE_PNG
	static FILE *fp; // avoid clobbering by setjmp.
	png_structp png_ptr;
	png_infop info_ptr;
	png_colorp palette = NULL;
	png_byte alpha_values[2];
	unsigned char *row, *p, *q;
	int x, y, xx, yy, bit;
	int realwidth;

	realwidth = (qrcode->width + margin * 2) * size;
	if(type == PNG_TYPE) {
		row = (unsigned char *)malloc((size_t)((realwidth + 7) / 8));
	} else if(type == PNG32_TYPE) {
		row = (unsigned char *)malloc((size_t)realwidth * 4);
	} else {
		fprintf(stderr, "Internal error.\n");
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}
	if(row == NULL) {
		fprintf(stderr, "Failed to allocate memory.\n");
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}

	if(outfile[0] == '-' && outfile[1] == '\0') {
		fp = stdout;
	} else {
		fp = fopen(outfile, "wb");
		if(fp == NULL) {
			fprintf(stderr, "Failed to create file: %s\n", outfile);
			perror(NULL);
			exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
		}
	}

	png_ptr = png_create_write_struct(PNG_LIBPNG_VER_STRING, NULL, NULL, NULL);
	if(png_ptr == NULL) {
		fprintf(stderr, "Failed to initialize PNG writer.\n");
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}

	info_ptr = png_create_info_struct(png_ptr);
	if(info_ptr == NULL) {
		fprintf(stderr, "Failed to initialize PNG write.\n");
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}

	if(setjmp(png_jmpbuf(png_ptr))) {
		png_destroy_write_struct(&png_ptr, &info_ptr);
		fprintf(stderr, "Failed to write PNG image.\n");
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}

	if(type == PNG_TYPE) {
		palette = (png_colorp) malloc(sizeof(png_color) * 2);
		if(palette == NULL) {
			fprintf(stderr, "Failed to allocate memory.\n");
			exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
		}
		palette[0].red   = fg_color[0];
		palette[0].green = fg_color[1];
		palette[0].blue  = fg_color[2];
		palette[1].red   = bg_color[0];
		palette[1].green = bg_color[1];
		palette[1].blue  = bg_color[2];
		alpha_values[0] = fg_color[3];
		alpha_values[1] = bg_color[3];
		png_set_PLTE(png_ptr, info_ptr, palette, 2);
		png_set_tRNS(png_ptr, info_ptr, alpha_values, 2, NULL);
	}

	png_init_io(png_ptr, fp);
	if(type == PNG_TYPE) {
		png_set_IHDR(png_ptr, info_ptr,
				(unsigned int)realwidth, (unsigned int)realwidth,
				1,
				PNG_COLOR_TYPE_PALETTE,
				PNG_INTERLACE_NONE,
				PNG_COMPRESSION_TYPE_DEFAULT,
				PNG_FILTER_TYPE_DEFAULT);
	} else {
		png_set_IHDR(png_ptr, info_ptr,
				(unsigned int)realwidth, (unsigned int)realwidth,
				8,
				PNG_COLOR_TYPE_RGB_ALPHA,
				PNG_INTERLACE_NONE,
				PNG_COMPRESSION_TYPE_DEFAULT,
				PNG_FILTER_TYPE_DEFAULT);
	}
	png_set_pHYs(png_ptr, info_ptr,
			dpi * INCHES_PER_METER,
			dpi * INCHES_PER_METER,
			PNG_RESOLUTION_METER);
	png_write_info(png_ptr, info_ptr);

	if(type == PNG_TYPE) {
	/* top margin */
		memset(row, 0xff, (size_t)((realwidth + 7) / 8));
		for(y = 0; y < margin * size; y++) {
			png_write_row(png_ptr, row);
		}

		/* data */
		p = qrcode->data;
		for(y = 0; y < qrcode->width; y++) {
			memset(row, 0xff, (size_t)((realwidth + 7) / 8));
			q = row;
			q += margin * size / 8;
			bit = 7 - (margin * size % 8);
			for(x = 0; x < qrcode->width; x++) {
				for(xx = 0; xx < size; xx++) {
					*q ^= (*p & 1) << bit;
					bit--;
					if(bit < 0) {
						q++;
						bit = 7;
					}
				}
				p++;
			}
			for(yy = 0; yy < size; yy++) {
				png_write_row(png_ptr, row);
			}
		}
		/* bottom margin */
		memset(row, 0xff, (size_t)((realwidth + 7) / 8));
		for(y = 0; y < margin * size; y++) {
			png_write_row(png_ptr, row);
		}
	} else {
	/* top margin */
		fillRow(row, realwidth, bg_color);
		for(y = 0; y < margin * size; y++) {
			png_write_row(png_ptr, row);
		}

		/* data */
		p = qrcode->data;
		for(y = 0; y < qrcode->width; y++) {
			fillRow(row, realwidth, bg_color);
			for(x = 0; x < qrcode->width; x++) {
				for(xx = 0; xx < size; xx++) {
					if(*p & 1) {
						memcpy(&row[((margin + x) * size + xx) * 4], fg_color, 4);
					}
				}
				p++;
			}
			for(yy = 0; yy < size; yy++) {
				png_write_row(png_ptr, row);
			}
		}
		/* bottom margin */
		fillRow(row, realwidth, bg_color);
		for(y = 0; y < margin * size; y++) {
			png_write_row(png_ptr, row);
		}
	}

	png_write_end(png_ptr, info_ptr);
	png_destroy_write_struct(&png_ptr, &info_ptr);

	fclose(fp);
	free(row);
	free(palette);

	return 0;
#else
	fputs("PNG output is disabled at compile time. No output generated.\n", stderr);
	return 0;
#endif
}

static int writeEPS(const QRcode *qrcode, const char *outfile)
{
	FILE *fp;
	unsigned char *row, *p;
	int x, y, yy;
	int realwidth;

	fp = openFile(outfile);

	realwidth = (qrcode->width + margin * 2) * size;
	/* EPS file header */
	fprintf(fp, "%%!PS-Adobe-2.0 EPSF-1.2\n"
				"%%%%BoundingBox: 0 0 %d %d\n"
				"%%%%Pages: 1 1\n"
				"%%%%EndComments\n", realwidth, realwidth);
	/* draw point */
	fprintf(fp, "/p { "
				"moveto "
				"0 1 rlineto "
				"1 0 rlineto "
				"0 -1 rlineto "
				"fill "
				"} bind def\n");
	/* set color */
	fprintf(fp, "gsave\n");
	fprintf(fp, "%f %f %f setrgbcolor\n",
			(float)bg_color[0] / 255,
			(float)bg_color[1] / 255,
			(float)bg_color[2] / 255);
	fprintf(fp, "%d %d scale\n", realwidth, realwidth);
	fprintf(fp, "0 0 p\ngrestore\n");
	fprintf(fp, "%f %f %f setrgbcolor\n",
			(float)fg_color[0] / 255,
			(float)fg_color[1] / 255,
			(float)fg_color[2] / 255);
	fprintf(fp, "%d %d scale\n", size, size);

	/* data */
	p = qrcode->data;
	for(y = 0; y < qrcode->width; y++) {
		row = (p+(y*qrcode->width));
		yy = (margin + qrcode->width - y - 1);

		for(x = 0; x < qrcode->width; x++) {
			if(*(row+x)&0x1) {
				fprintf(fp, "%d %d p ", margin + x,  yy);
			}
		}
	}

	fprintf(fp, "\n%%%%EOF\n");
	fclose(fp);

	return 0;
}

static void writeSVG_drawModules(FILE *fp, int x, int y, int width, const char* col, float opacity)
{
	if(svg_path) {
		fprintf(fp, "M%d,%dh%d", x, y, width);
	} else {
		if(fg_color[3] != 255) {
			fprintf(fp, "\t\t\t<rect x=\"%d\" y=\"%d\" width=\"%d\" height=\"1\" "\
					"fill=\"#%s\" fill-opacity=\"%f\"/>\n",
					x, y, width, col, opacity );
		} else {
			fprintf(fp, "\t\t\t<rect x=\"%d\" y=\"%d\" width=\"%d\" height=\"1\" "\
					"fill=\"#%s\"/>\n",
					x, y, width, col );
		}
	}
}

static int writeSVG(const QRcode *qrcode, const char *outfile)
{
	FILE *fp;
	unsigned char *row, *p;
	int x, y, x0, pen;
	int symwidth, realwidth;
	float scale;
	char fg[7], bg[7];
	float fg_opacity;
	float bg_opacity;

	fp = openFile(outfile);

	scale = dpi * INCHES_PER_METER / 100.0;

	symwidth = qrcode->width + margin * 2;
	realwidth = symwidth * size;

	snprintf(fg, 7, "%02x%02x%02x", fg_color[0], fg_color[1],  fg_color[2]);
	snprintf(bg, 7, "%02x%02x%02x", bg_color[0], bg_color[1],  bg_color[2]);
	fg_opacity = (float)fg_color[3] / 255;
	bg_opacity = (float)bg_color[3] / 255;

	/* XML declaration */
	if (!inline_svg)
		fputs( "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" standalone=\"yes\"?>\n", fp );

	/* DTD
	   No document type specified because "while a DTD is provided in [the SVG]
	   specification, the use of DTDs for validating XML documents is known to
	   be problematic. In particular, DTDs do not handle namespaces gracefully.
	   It is *not* recommended that a DOCTYPE declaration be included in SVG
	   documents."
	   http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/REC-SVG11-20030114/intro.html#Namespace
	*/

	/* Vanity remark */
	fprintf(fp, "<!-- Created with qrencode %s (https://fukuchi.org/works/qrencode/index.html) -->\n", QRcode_APIVersionString());

	/* SVG code start */
	fprintf(fp,
			"<svg width=\"%.2fcm\" height=\"%.2fcm\" viewBox=\"0 0 %d %d\""\
			" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" version=\"1.1\""\
			" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\">\n",
			realwidth / scale, realwidth / scale, symwidth, symwidth
		   );

	/* Make named group */
	fputs("\t<g id=\"QRcode\">\n", fp);

	/* Make solid background */
	if(bg_color[3] != 255) {
		fprintf(fp, "\t\t<rect x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"%d\" height=\"%d\" fill=\"#%s\" fill-opacity=\"%f\"/>\n", symwidth, symwidth, bg, bg_opacity);
	} else {
		fprintf(fp, "\t\t<rect x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"%d\" height=\"%d\" fill=\"#%s\"/>\n", symwidth, symwidth, bg);
	}

	if(svg_path) {
		if(fg_color[3] != 255) {
			fprintf(fp, "\t\t<path style=\"stroke:#%s;stroke-opacity:%f\" transform=\"translate(%d,%d.5)\" d=\"", fg, fg_opacity, margin, margin);
		} else {
			fprintf(fp, "\t\t<path style=\"stroke:#%s\" transform=\"translate(%d,%d.5)\" d=\"", fg, margin, margin);
		}
	} else {
		/* Create new viewbox for QR data */
		fprintf(fp, "\t\t<g id=\"Pattern\" transform=\"translate(%d,%d)\">\n", margin, margin);
	}

	/* Write data */
	p = qrcode->data;
	for(y = 0; y < qrcode->width; y++) {
		row = (p+(y*qrcode->width));

		if( !rle ) {
			/* no RLE */
			for(x = 0; x < qrcode->width; x++) {
				if(*(row+x)&0x1) {
					writeSVG_drawModules(fp, x, y, 1, fg, fg_opacity);
				}
			}
		} else {
			/* simple RLE */
			pen = 0;
			x0  = 0;
			for(x = 0; x < qrcode->width; x++) {
				if( !pen ) {
					pen = *(row+x)&0x1;
					x0 = x;
				} else if(!(*(row+x)&0x1)) {
					writeSVG_drawModules(fp, x0, y, x-x0, fg, fg_opacity);
					pen = 0;
				}
			}
			if( pen ) {
				writeSVG_drawModules(fp, x0, y, qrcode->width - x0, fg, fg_opacity);
			}
		}
	}

	if(svg_path) {
		fputs("\"/>\n", fp);
	} else {
		/* Close QR data viewbox */
		fputs("\t\t</g>\n", fp);
	}

	/* Close group */
	fputs("\t</g>\n", fp);

	/* Close SVG code */
	fputs("</svg>\n", fp);
	fclose(fp);

	return 0;
}

static int writeXPM(const QRcode *qrcode, const char *outfile)
{
	FILE *fp;
	int x, xx, y, yy, realwidth, realmargin;
	char *row;
	char fg[7], bg[7];
	unsigned char *p;

	fp = openFile(outfile);

	realwidth = (qrcode->width + margin * 2) * size;
	realmargin = margin * size;

	row = malloc((size_t)realwidth + 1);
	if (!row ) {
		fprintf(stderr, "Failed to allocate memory.\n");
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}

	snprintf(fg, 7, "%02x%02x%02x", fg_color[0], fg_color[1],  fg_color[2]);
	snprintf(bg, 7, "%02x%02x%02x", bg_color[0], bg_color[1],  bg_color[2]);

	fputs("/* XPM */\n", fp);
	fputs("static const char *const qrcode_xpm[] = {\n", fp);
	fputs("/* width height ncolors chars_per_pixel */\n", fp);
	fprintf(fp, "\"%d %d 2 1\",\n", realwidth, realwidth);

	fputs("/* colors */\n", fp);
	fprintf(fp, "\"F c #%s\",\n", fg);
	fprintf(fp, "\"B c #%s\",\n", bg);

	fputs("/* pixels */\n", fp);
	memset(row, 'B', (size_t)realwidth);
	row[realwidth] = '\0';

	for (y = 0; y < realmargin; y++) {
		fprintf(fp, "\"%s\",\n", row);
	}

	p = qrcode->data;
	for (y = 0; y < qrcode->width; y++) {
		for (yy = 0; yy < size; yy++) {
			fputs("\"", fp);

			for (x = 0; x < margin; x++) {
				for (xx = 0; xx < size; xx++) {
					fputs("B", fp);
				}
			}

			for (x = 0; x < qrcode->width; x++) {
				for (xx = 0; xx < size; xx++) {
					if (p[(y * qrcode->width) + x] & 0x1) {
						fputs("F", fp);
					} else {
						fputs("B", fp);
					}
				}
			}

			for (x = 0; x < margin; x++) {
				for (xx = 0; xx < size; xx++) {
					fputs("B", fp);
				}
			}

			fputs("\",\n", fp);
		}
	}

	for (y = 0; y < realmargin; y++) {
		fprintf(fp, "\"%s\"%s\n", row, y < (size - 1) ? "," : "};");
	}

	free(row);
	fclose(fp);

	return 0;
}

static void writeANSI_margin(FILE* fp, int realwidth,
                             char* buffer, const char* white, int white_s )
{
	int y;

	strncpy(buffer, white, (size_t)white_s);
	memset(buffer + white_s, ' ', (size_t)realwidth * 2);
	strcpy(buffer + white_s + realwidth * 2, "\033[0m\n"); // reset to default colors
	for(y = 0; y < margin; y++ ){
		fputs(buffer, fp);
	}
}

static int writeANSI(const QRcode *qrcode, const char *outfile)
{
	FILE *fp;
	unsigned char *row, *p;
	int x, y;
	int realwidth;
	int last;

	const char *white, *black;
	char *buffer;
	int white_s, black_s, buffer_s;

	if(image_type == ANSI256_TYPE){
		/* codes for 256 color compatible terminals */
		white = "\033[48;5;231m";
		white_s = 11;
		black = "\033[48;5;16m";
		black_s = 10;
	} else {
		white = "\033[47m";
		white_s = 5;
		black = "\033[40m";
		black_s = 5;
	}

	size = 1;

	fp = openFile(outfile);

	realwidth = (qrcode->width + margin * 2) * size;
	buffer_s = (realwidth * white_s) * 2;
	buffer = (char *)malloc((size_t)buffer_s);
	if(buffer == NULL) {
		fprintf(stderr, "Failed to allocate memory.\n");
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}

	/* top margin */
	writeANSI_margin(fp, realwidth, buffer, white, white_s);

	/* data */
	p = qrcode->data;
	for(y = 0; y < qrcode->width; y++) {
		row = (p+(y*qrcode->width));

		memset(buffer, 0, (size_t)buffer_s);
		strncpy(buffer, white, (size_t)white_s);
		for(x = 0; x < margin; x++ ){
			strncat(buffer, "  ", 2);
		}
		last = 0;

		for(x = 0; x < qrcode->width; x++) {
			if(*(row+x)&0x1) {
				if( last != 1 ){
					strncat(buffer, black, (size_t)black_s);
					last = 1;
				}
			} else if( last != 0 ){
				strncat(buffer, white, (size_t)white_s);
				last = 0;
			}
			strncat(buffer, "  ", 2);
		}

		if( last != 0 ){
			strncat(buffer, white, (size_t)white_s);
		}
		for(x = 0; x < margin; x++ ){
			strncat(buffer, "  ", 2);
		}
		strncat(buffer, "\033[0m\n", 5);
		fputs(buffer, fp);
	}

	/* bottom margin */
	writeANSI_margin(fp, realwidth, buffer, white, white_s);

	fclose(fp);
	free(buffer);

	return 0;
}

static void writeUTF8_margin(FILE* fp, int realwidth, const char* white,
                             const char *reset, const char* full)
{
	int x, y;

	for (y = 0; y < margin/2; y++) {
		fputs(white, fp);
		for (x = 0; x < realwidth; x++)
			fputs(full, fp);
		fputs(reset, fp);
		fputc('\n', fp);
	}
}

static int writeUTF8(const QRcode *qrcode, const char *outfile, int use_ansi, int invert)
{
	FILE *fp;
	int x, y;
	int realwidth;
	const char *white, *reset;
	const char *empty, *lowhalf, *uphalf, *full;

	empty = " ";
	lowhalf = "\342\226\204";
	uphalf = "\342\226\200";
	full = "\342\226\210";

	if (invert) {
		const char *tmp;

		tmp = empty;
		empty = full;
		full = tmp;

		tmp = lowhalf;
		lowhalf = uphalf;
		uphalf = tmp;
	}

	if (use_ansi){
		white = "\033[40;37;1m";
		reset = "\033[0m";
	} else {
		white = "";
		reset = "";
	}

	fp = openFile(outfile);

	realwidth = (qrcode->width + margin * 2);

	/* top margin */
	writeUTF8_margin(fp, realwidth, white, reset, full);

	/* data */
	for(y = 0; y < qrcode->width; y += 2) {
		unsigned char *row1, *row2;
		row1 = qrcode->data + y*qrcode->width;
		row2 = row1 + qrcode->width;

		fputs(white, fp);

		for (x = 0; x < margin; x++) {
			fputs(full, fp);
		}

		for (x = 0; x < qrcode->width; x++) {
			if(row1[x] & 1) {
				if(y < qrcode->width - 1 && row2[x] & 1) {
					fputs(empty, fp);
				} else {
					fputs(lowhalf, fp);
				}
			} else if(y < qrcode->width - 1 && row2[x] & 1) {
				fputs(uphalf, fp);
			} else {
				fputs(full, fp);
			}
		}

		for (x = 0; x < margin; x++)
			fputs(full, fp);

		fputs(reset, fp);
		fputc('\n', fp);
	}

	/* bottom margin */
	writeUTF8_margin(fp, realwidth, white, reset, full);

	fclose(fp);

	return 0;
}

static void writeASCII_margin(FILE* fp, int realwidth, char* buffer, int invert)
{
	int y, h;

	h = margin;

	memset(buffer, (invert?'#':' '), (size_t)realwidth);
	buffer[realwidth] = '\n';
	buffer[realwidth + 1] = '\0';
	for(y = 0; y < h; y++ ){
		fputs(buffer, fp);
	}
}

static int writeASCII(const QRcode *qrcode, const char *outfile, int invert)
{
	FILE *fp;
	unsigned char *row;
	int x, y;
	int realwidth;
	char *buffer, *p;
	int buffer_s;
	char black = '#';
	char white = ' ';

	if(invert) {
		black = ' ';
		white = '#';
	}

	size = 1;

	fp = openFile(outfile);

	realwidth = (qrcode->width + margin * 2) * 2;
	buffer_s = realwidth + 2;
	buffer = (char *)malloc((size_t)buffer_s);
	if(buffer == NULL) {
		fprintf(stderr, "Failed to allocate memory.\n");
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}

	/* top margin */
	writeASCII_margin(fp, realwidth, buffer, invert);

	/* data */
	for(y = 0; y < qrcode->width; y++) {
		row = qrcode->data+(y*qrcode->width);
		p = buffer;

		memset(p, white, (size_t)margin * 2);
		p += margin * 2;

		for(x = 0; x < qrcode->width; x++) {
			if(row[x]&0x1) {
				*p++ = black;
				*p++ = black;
			} else {
				*p++ = white;
				*p++ = white;
			}
		}

		memset(p, white, (size_t)margin * 2);
		p += margin * 2;
		*p++ = '\n';
		*p++ = '\0';
		fputs( buffer, fp );
	}

	/* bottom margin */
	writeASCII_margin(fp, realwidth, buffer, invert);

	fclose(fp);
	free(buffer);

	return 0;
}

static QRcode *encode(const unsigned char *intext, int length)
{
	QRcode *code;

	if(micro) {
		if(eightbit) {
			code = QRcode_encodeDataMQR(length, intext, version, level);
		} else {
			code = QRcode_encodeStringMQR((char *)intext, version, level, hint, casesensitive);
		}
	} else if(eightbit) {
		code = QRcode_encodeData(length, intext, version, level);
	} else {
		code = QRcode_encodeString((char *)intext, version, level, hint, casesensitive);
	}

	return code;
}

static void qrencode(const unsigned char *intext, int length, const char *outfile)
{
	QRcode *qrcode;

	qrcode = encode(intext, length);
	if(qrcode == NULL) {
		if(errno == ERANGE) {
			fprintf(stderr, "Failed to encode the input data: Input data too large\n");
		} else {
			perror("Failed to encode the input data");
		}
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}

	if(verbose) {
		fprintf(stderr, "File: %s, Version: %d\n", (outfile!=NULL)?outfile:"(stdout)", qrcode->version);
	}

	switch(image_type) {
		case PNG_TYPE:
		case PNG32_TYPE:
			writePNG(qrcode, outfile, image_type);
			break;
		case EPS_TYPE:
			writeEPS(qrcode, outfile);
			break;
		case SVG_TYPE:
			writeSVG(qrcode, outfile);
			break;
		case XPM_TYPE:
			writeXPM(qrcode, outfile);
			break;
		case ANSI_TYPE:
		case ANSI256_TYPE:
			writeANSI(qrcode, outfile);
			break;
		case ASCIIi_TYPE:
			writeASCII(qrcode, outfile,  1);
			break;
		case ASCII_TYPE:
			writeASCII(qrcode, outfile,  0);
			break;
		case UTF8_TYPE:
			writeUTF8(qrcode, outfile, 0, 0);
			break;
		case ANSIUTF8_TYPE:
			writeUTF8(qrcode, outfile, 1, 0);
			break;
		case UTF8i_TYPE:
			writeUTF8(qrcode, outfile, 0, 1);
			break;
		case ANSIUTF8i_TYPE:
			writeUTF8(qrcode, outfile, 1, 1);
			break;
		default:
			fprintf(stderr, "Unknown image type.\n");
			exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}

	QRcode_free(qrcode);
}

static QRcode_List *encodeStructured(const unsigned char *intext, int length)
{
	QRcode_List *list;

	if(eightbit) {
		list = QRcode_encodeDataStructured(length, intext, version, level);
	} else {
		list = QRcode_encodeStringStructured((char *)intext, version, level, hint, casesensitive);
	}

	return list;
}

static void qrencodeStructured(const unsigned char *intext, int length, const char *outfile)
{
	QRcode_List *qrlist, *p;
	char filename[FILENAME_MAX];
	char *base, *q, *suffix = NULL;
	const char *type_suffix;
	int i = 1;
	size_t suffix_size;

	switch(image_type) {
		case PNG_TYPE:
			type_suffix = ".png";
			break;
		case EPS_TYPE:
			type_suffix = ".eps";
			break;
		case SVG_TYPE:
			type_suffix = ".svg";
			break;
		case XPM_TYPE:
			type_suffix = ".xpm";
			break;
		case ANSI_TYPE:
		case ANSI256_TYPE:
		case ASCII_TYPE:
		case UTF8_TYPE:
		case ANSIUTF8_TYPE:
		case UTF8i_TYPE:
		case ANSIUTF8i_TYPE:
			type_suffix = ".txt";
			break;
		default:
			fprintf(stderr, "Unknown image type.\n");
			exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}

	if(outfile == NULL) {
		fprintf(stderr, "An output filename must be specified to store the structured images.\n");
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}
	base = strdup(outfile);
	if(base == NULL) {
		fprintf(stderr, "Failed to allocate memory.\n");
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}
	suffix_size = strlen(type_suffix);
	if(strlen(base) > suffix_size) {
		q = base + strlen(base) - suffix_size;
		if(strcasecmp(type_suffix, q) == 0) {
			suffix = strdup(q);
			*q = '\0';
		}
	}

	qrlist = encodeStructured(intext, length);
	if(qrlist == NULL) {
		if(errno == ERANGE) {
			fprintf(stderr, "Failed to encode the input data: Input data too large\n");
		} else {
			perror("Failed to encode the input data");
		}
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}

	for(p = qrlist; p != NULL; p = p->next) {
		if(p->code == NULL) {
			fprintf(stderr, "Failed to encode the input data.\n");
			exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
		}
		if(suffix) {
			snprintf(filename, FILENAME_MAX, "%s-%02d%s", base, i, suffix);
		} else {
			snprintf(filename, FILENAME_MAX, "%s-%02d", base, i);
		}

		if(verbose) {
			fprintf(stderr, "File: %s, Version: %d\n", filename, p->code->version);
		}

		switch(image_type) {
			case PNG_TYPE:
			case PNG32_TYPE:
				writePNG(p->code, filename, image_type);
				break;
			case EPS_TYPE:
				writeEPS(p->code, filename);
				break;
			case SVG_TYPE:
				writeSVG(p->code, filename);
				break;
			case XPM_TYPE:
				writeXPM(p->code, filename);
				break;
			case ANSI_TYPE:
			case ANSI256_TYPE:
				writeANSI(p->code, filename);
				break;
			case ASCIIi_TYPE:
				writeASCII(p->code, filename, 1);
				break;
			case ASCII_TYPE:
				writeASCII(p->code, filename, 0);
				break;
			case UTF8_TYPE:
				writeUTF8(p->code, filename, 0, 0);
				break;
			case ANSIUTF8_TYPE:
				writeUTF8(p->code, filename, 0, 0);
				break;
			case UTF8i_TYPE:
				writeUTF8(p->code, filename, 0, 1);
				break;
			case ANSIUTF8i_TYPE:
				writeUTF8(p->code, filename, 0, 1);
				break;

			default:
				fprintf(stderr, "Unknown image type.\n");
				exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
		}
		i++;
	}

	free(base);
	if(suffix) {
		free(suffix);
	}

	QRcode_List_free(qrlist);
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
	int opt, lindex = -1;
	char *outfile = NULL, *infile = NULL;
	unsigned char *intext = NULL;
	int length = 0;
	FILE *fp;

	while((opt = getopt_long(argc, argv, optstring, options, &lindex)) != -1) {
		switch(opt) {
			case 'h':
				if(lindex == 0) {
					usage(1, 1, EXIT_SUCCESS);
				} else {
					usage(1, 0, EXIT_SUCCESS);
				}
				exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
			case 'o':
				outfile = optarg;
				break;
			case 'r':
				infile = optarg;
				break;
			case 's':
				size = atoi(optarg);
				if(size <= 0) {
					fprintf(stderr, "Invalid size: %d\n", size);
					exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
				}
				break;
			case 'v':
				version = atoi(optarg);
				if(version < 0) {
					fprintf(stderr, "Invalid version: %d\n", version);
					exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
				}
				break;
			case 'l':
				switch(*optarg) {
					case 'l':
					case 'L':
						level = QR_ECLEVEL_L;
						break;
					case 'm':
					case 'M':
						level = QR_ECLEVEL_M;
						break;
					case 'q':
					case 'Q':
						level = QR_ECLEVEL_Q;
						break;
					case 'h':
					case 'H':
						level = QR_ECLEVEL_H;
						break;
					default:
						fprintf(stderr, "Invalid level: %s\n", optarg);
						exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
				}
				break;
			case 'm':
				margin = atoi(optarg);
				if(margin < 0) {
					fprintf(stderr, "Invalid margin: %d\n", margin);
					exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
				}
				break;
			case 'd':
				dpi = atoi(optarg);
				if( dpi < 0 ) {
					fprintf(stderr, "Invalid DPI: %d\n", dpi);
					exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
				}
				break;
			case 't':
				if(strcasecmp(optarg, "png32") == 0) {
					image_type = PNG32_TYPE;
				} else if(strcasecmp(optarg, "png") == 0) {
					image_type = PNG_TYPE;
				} else if(strcasecmp(optarg, "eps") == 0) {
					image_type = EPS_TYPE;
				} else if(strcasecmp(optarg, "svg") == 0) {
					image_type = SVG_TYPE;
				} else if(strcasecmp(optarg, "xpm") == 0) {
					image_type = XPM_TYPE;
				} else if(strcasecmp(optarg, "ansi") == 0) {
					image_type = ANSI_TYPE;
				} else if(strcasecmp(optarg, "ansi256") == 0) {
					image_type = ANSI256_TYPE;
				} else if(strcasecmp(optarg, "asciii") == 0) {
					image_type = ASCIIi_TYPE;
				} else if(strcasecmp(optarg, "ascii") == 0) {
					image_type = ASCII_TYPE;
				} else if(strcasecmp(optarg, "utf8") == 0) {
					image_type = UTF8_TYPE;
				} else if(strcasecmp(optarg, "ansiutf8") == 0) {
					image_type = ANSIUTF8_TYPE;
				} else if(strcasecmp(optarg, "utf8i") == 0) {
					image_type = UTF8i_TYPE;
				} else if(strcasecmp(optarg, "ansiutf8i") == 0) {
					image_type = ANSIUTF8i_TYPE;
				} else {
					fprintf(stderr, "Invalid image type: %s\n", optarg);
					exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
				}
				break;
			case 'S':
				structured = 1;
				break;
			case 'k':
				hint = QR_MODE_KANJI;
				break;
			case 'c':
				casesensitive = 1;
				break;
			case 'i':
				casesensitive = 0;
				break;
			case '8':
				eightbit = 1;
				break;
			case 'M':
				micro = 1;
				break;
			case 'f':
				if(color_set(fg_color, optarg)) {
					fprintf(stderr, "Invalid foreground color value.\n");
					exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
				}
				break;
			case 'b':
				if(color_set(bg_color, optarg)) {
					fprintf(stderr, "Invalid background color value.\n");
					exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
				}
				break;
			case 'V':
				usage(0, 0, EXIT_SUCCESS);
				exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
			case 0:
				break;
			default:
				fprintf(stderr, "Try \"qrencode --help\" for more information.\n");
				exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
		}
	}

	if(argc == 1) {
		usage(1, 0, EXIT_FAILURE);
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}

	if(outfile == NULL && image_type == PNG_TYPE) {
		fprintf(stderr, "No output filename is given.\n");
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}

	if(optind < argc) {
		intext = (unsigned char *)argv[optind];
		length = strlen((char *)intext);
	}
	if(intext == NULL) {
		fp = infile == NULL ? stdin : fopen(infile,"r");
		if(fp == 0) {
			fprintf(stderr, "Can not read input file %s.\n", infile);
			exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
		}
		intext = readFile(fp,&length);

	}

	if(micro && version > MQRSPEC_VERSION_MAX) {
		fprintf(stderr, "Version should be less or equal to %d.\n", MQRSPEC_VERSION_MAX);
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	} else if(!micro && version > QRSPEC_VERSION_MAX) {
		fprintf(stderr, "Version should be less or equal to %d.\n", QRSPEC_VERSION_MAX);
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}

	if(margin < 0) {
		if(micro) {
			margin = 2;
		} else {
			margin = 4;
		}
	}

	if(micro) {
		if(version == 0) {
			fprintf(stderr, "Version must be specified to encode a Micro QR Code symbol.\n");
			exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
		}
		if(structured) {
			fprintf(stderr, "Micro QR Code does not support structured symbols.\n");
			exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
		}
	}

	if(structured) {
		if(version == 0) {
			fprintf(stderr, "Version must be specified to encode structured symbols.\n");
			exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
		}
		qrencodeStructured(intext, length, outfile);
	} else {
		qrencode(intext, length, outfile);
	}

	return 0;
}