test: ztest: Add math basic trigonometry unit tests converted from CMock #21310

Job	Run time
manifest-check	1m 1s
LP64-WIP	4m 8s
build-windows (tgl tgl-h)	11m 34s
build-windows (imx8 imx8x imx8m imx8ulp)	10m 14s
build-linux (mnfst, imx8 imx8x imx8m imx8ulp)	6m 33s
build-linux (mnfst, mtl lnl)	6m 20s
build-windows (mtl lnl)	10m 53s
build-linux (zmain, tgl tgl-h)	5m 42s
build-windows (ptl)	7m 30s
build-windows (-d, lnl)	8m 6s
build-linux (zmain, ptl)	4m 40s
build-linux (mnfst, ptl)	4m 49s
build-linux (mnfst, --all)	17m 3s
build-linux (zmain, imx8 imx8x imx8m imx8ulp)	6m 40s
build-linux (mnfst, tgl tgl-h)	5m 44s
build-linux (zmain, mtl lnl)	6m 20s
build-linux (-d, mnfst, lnl)	4m 38s
compare-linux-win	42s
	2h 2m 37s

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