[rush] `rush change` does not detect change to catalog version of dependency

[CarltonHowell]

Summary

rush change does not detect change to catalog version of dependency

Setup .e.g.

1. Create a global catalog entry:

// common/config/rush/pnpm-config.json
...
globalCatalogs": {
    "default": {
      "react": "^18.0.0",
    }
  }

2. Add catalog entry:

// project-a/package.json
...
dependencies: {
   "react": "catalog:
}

Reproduce .e.g.

1. Alter "react": "^18.0.0" => "react": "^18.0.1"
2. Run rush change => No changes were detected to relevant packages on this branch. Nothing to do.

Standard questions

Please answer these questions to help us investigate your issue more quickly:

Question	Answer
@microsoft/rush globally installed version?	yes
rushVersion from rush.json?	5.166.0
pnpmVersion, npmVersion, or yarnVersion from rush.json?	10.28.2
(if pnpm) useWorkspaces from pnpm-config.json?	true
Operating system?	Mac
Would you consider contributing a PR?	Yes
Node.js version (node -v)?	20.20.0