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KVM

前言

kvm系统采用全虚拟化，在cpu,io采用硬件辅助半虚拟化，性能逼近半虚拟化。

安装

1.安装kvm

至少需要安装 qemu-kvm qemu-img 这两个包

yum install qemu-kvm qemu-img

安装其他工具包

yum install virt-manager libvirt libvirt-python python-virtinst libvirt-client

2.安装qemu

安装编码依赖

yum install gcc autoconf automake libtool glib* zlib*

从 http://wiki.qemu.org/Download 下载代码

tar -jzvf qemu-2.3.0.tar.bz2
cd qemu-2.3.0
./configure
make -j 4
make install

为方便起见，创建一个link

ln -s /usr/bin/qemu-system-x86_64 /usr/bin/qemu-kvm

3.配置桥接网络br0

基础依赖bridge-utils

yum install bridge-utils

Step 1:

cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
DEVICE="eth0"
HWADDR="78:2B:CB:3C:A4:BA"
NM_CONTROLLD="yes"
ONBOOT="yes"
IPADDR=192.168.48.111
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.48.1

注释掉 BOOTPROTO
加入一行
vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
BRIDGE="br0"

Step 2:

vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-br0
DEVICE=br0
TYPE=Bridge
ONBOOT=ye
BOOTPROTO=static
PREFIX=24
IPADDR=192.168.48.111
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.48.1
STP=on
DELAY=0

重启服务

service network restart

检测

#brctl show
	bridge name	bridge id		STP enabled	interfaces
	br0		8000.f8b156d5b77d	yes			em1

4.安装镜像

查看执行系统格式

virt-install --os-variant list

virt-install命令方式

virt-install --name=guest4 --file=/web/images/guest4.dsk --file-size=8 \
--nonsparse --vcpus=2 --ram=2048 --accelerate \
--cdrom=/web/CentOS-6.5-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso  \
--vnc --vncport=5911 --vnclisten=0.0.0.0  \
--network bridge=br0 --os-type=linux 

#选择cdrom，在vnc连接装机时，会自动进入cdrom装机界面
#vncport端口不可重复，每个端口对应为一个kvm镜像

#--location=http://example1.com/installation_tree/RHEL5.6-Serverx86_64/os 
#--location=/mnt/centos
#会选择pxe--装机，选择cobber，可选择性，比ks好控制些

qcow2格式，使用ks安装，启动console

#创建储蓄镜像，镜像大小是动态增加的，类似于exsi--thin模式。    
qemu-img create -f qcow2 -o compat=0.10 /web/images/centos63-webtest.img 40G

#cat create.sh
virt-install --name=test2  --os-variant=rhel6 \
--ram 2048 --vcpus=2 --virt-type kvm \
--disk path=/web/images/test2.img,format=qcow2,size=8,bus=virtio \
--accelerate --location=http://192.168.100.254 \
--vnc --vncport=5912 --vnclisten=0.0.0.0 \
--network bridge=br0,model=virtio --noautoconsole \
--extra-args='console=tty0 console=ttyS0,115200n8 ks=http://192.168.100.254/ks.cfg'

#在额外选项中，可设置虚拟机支持console

报错记录

'drive-virtio-disk0' uses a qcow2 feature which is not supported by this qemu version: QCOW version 3

#解决方法，创建时默认格式为1.1，查看如下：
#qemu-img info /web/images/test1.img 
image: /web/images/test1.img
file format: qcow2
virtual size: 7.0G (7516192768 bytes)
disk size: 196K
cluster_size: 65536
Format specific information:
    compat: 1.1
    lazy refcounts: false
    refcount bits: 16
    corrupt: false

#修改支持老版，在此创建即可
qemu-img amend -f qcow2 -o compat=0.10 test.qcow2

5.vnc连接装机

#下载vnc -- http://vnc.en.softonic.com/
输入IP：vncport，即可连接对应kvm镜像

6.修改支持 virsh console

添加ttyS0:

echo "ttyS0" >> /etc/securetty

在/etc/grub.conf文件中为内核添加参数:

console=ttyS0

在/etc/inittab中添加agetty:

S0:12345:respawn:/sbin/agetty ttyS0 115200

重启客户机，连接

virsh console guest4

7.导出XML配置，修改，生成

#导出域配置文件
virsh dumpxml  test4  > /web/test4.xml 

<domain type='kvm' id='14'>       --id,删除自动生成
  <name>test6</name>              --名字不可重
  <memory unit='KiB'>4194304</memory>    --唯一，删掉，自动创建
  <currentMemory unit='KiB'>4194304</currentMemory>
  <vcpu placement='static'>2</vcpu>
  <os>
    <type arch='x86_64' machine='rhel6.6.0'>hvm</type>
    <boot dev='hd'/>
  </os>
  <features>
    <acpi/>
    <apic/>
    <pae/>
  </features>
  <clock offset='localtime'/>
  <on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>
  <on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>
  <on_crash>restart</on_crash>
  <devices>
    <emulator>/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm</emulator>
    <disk type='file' device='disk'>
      <driver name='qemu' type='qcow2' cache='none'/>
      <source file='/web/images/test6.img'/>        --指定虚拟磁盘位置
      <target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/>
      <alias name='virtio-disk0'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x0'/>
    </disk>
    <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-ehci1'>
      <alias name='usb0'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x7'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci1'>
      <alias name='usb0'/>
      <master startport='0'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x0' multifunction='on'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci2'>
      <alias name='usb0'/>
      <master startport='2'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x1'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci3'>
      <alias name='usb0'/>
      <master startport='4'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x2'/>
    </controller>
    <interface type='bridge'>
      <mac address='52:54:00:11:22:33'/>     --mac重复会导致ip一样而不会报错，前六位不动，修改后六位
      <source bridge='br0'/>
      <target dev='vnet4'/>                  --网络配置，一下都可删掉，防止冲突
      <model type='virtio'/>				 	
      <alias name='net0'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/>
    </interface>
    <serial type='pty'>
      <target port='0'/>
      <alias name='serial0'/>
    </serial>
    <console type='pty' tty='/dev/pts/6'>   --具体指定删掉
      <target type='serial' port='0'/>
      <alias name='serial0'/>
    </console>
    <input type='tablet' bus='usb'>
      <alias name='input0'/>
    </input>
    <input type='mouse' bus='ps2'/>
    <graphics type='vnc' port='5915' autoport='no' listen='0.0.0.0'>
      <listen type='address' address='0.0.0.0'/>    --vnc端口不可重
    </graphics>
    <video>                                         --不用视频即可删掉多余
      <model type='cirrus' vram='9216' heads='1'/>
      <alias name='video0'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x0'/>
    </video>
    <memballoon model='virtio'>
      <alias name='balloon0'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06' function='0x0'/>
    </memballoon>
  </devices>
</domain>

8.动态添加磁盘

#添加iso，指定挂载为vdd
virsh # attach-disk xp2 /code/kvm/NetKVM.iso vdd

9.修改配置文件添加

<disk type='file' device='cdrom'>
  <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
  <source file='/code/kvm/NetKVM.iso'/>
  <target dev='hdc' bus='ide'/>
  <readonly/>
  <alias name='ide0-1-0'/>
  <address type='drive' controller='0' bus='1' target='0' unit='0'/>
</disk>

#动态添加未必识别，指定配置文件需要先关闭，start or create  xp2 才可获取

安装xp网卡不识别

#下载网卡驱动，挂载上去，更新网卡驱动即可
http://www.famzah.net/download/kvm/virtio-windows/24.09.2009/NetKVM.iso

exsi5.5 二次虚拟化

1. egrep -c '(vmx|svm)' /proc/cpuinfo 
查看cpu是否支持虚拟化

2. 关闭虚拟机

3. vim  kvm1.vmx
 
#尾行计入四行配置，开启cpu虚拟化
nce.enable = TRUE
hypervisor.cpuid.v0 = FALSE
featMask.vm.hv.capable ="Min:1"
vhv.enable= TRUE

4. 启动虚拟机

5. lsmod | grep kvm
检测kvm模块是否加载