Update article.md

Author: joannaaldebaran

1-js/01-getting-started/1-intro/article.md

@@ -1,122 +1,120 @@
-# An Introduction to JavaScript
+# Uvod u JavaScript
 
-Let's see what's so special about JavaScript, what we can achieve with it, and what other technologies play well with it.
+Hajde da vidimo šta je toliko posebno kod Javascript-a, šta možemo da postignemo sa njim, i koliko se druge tehnologije uklapaju sa njim.
 
-## What is JavaScript?
+## Šta je JavaScript?
 
-*JavaScript* was initially created to "make web pages alive".
+*JavaScript* je prvobitno napravljen da bi "oživeo web stranice".
 
-The programs in this language are called *scripts*. They can be written right in a web page's HTML and run automatically as the page loads.
+Kodovi u ovom jeziku se nazivaju *skripte*. One mogu biti upisane direktno u stranici HTML i pokrenute automatski nakon što se stranica učita. 
 
-Scripts are provided and executed as plain text. They don't need special preparation or compilation to run.
+Skripte su obezbeđene i izvršene kao običan tekst. Nije im potrebna posebna priprema ili kompilacija za pokretanje.
 
-In this aspect, JavaScript is very different from another language called [Java](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_(programming_language)).
+U ovom pogledu, JavaScript se vrlo razlikuje od programskog jezika [Java](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_(programming_language)).
 
 ```smart header="Why is it called <u>Java</u>Script?"
-When JavaScript was created, it initially had another name: "LiveScript". But Java was very popular at that time, so it was decided that positioning a new language as a "younger brother" of Java would help.
+Kada je JavaScript stvoren, u početku je imao drugo ime: "LiveScript". Ali Java je bila veoma popularna u to vreme, pa je došlo do odluke da bi postavljanje LiveScript-a  na poziciju "mlađeg brata" Jave dosta pomoglo u napretku novog jezika.
 
-But as it evolved, JavaScript became a fully independent language with its own specification called [ECMAScript](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ECMAScript), and now it has no relation to Java at all.
+Ali kako je napredovao, JavaScript je postao potpuno nezavisan jezik sa svim svojim specifikacijama zvanim [ECMAScript](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ECMAScript), i sada nema nikakve povezanosti sa Javom.
 ```
 
-Today, JavaScript can execute not only in the browser, but also on the server, or actually on any device that has a special program called [the JavaScript engine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JavaScript_engine).
+Danas, JavaScript se ne pokreće samo u browseru, već i na serveru, ili zapravo na bilo kojoj napravi koja ima specijalan program [the JavaScript engine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JavaScript_engine).
 
-The browser has an embedded engine sometimes called a "JavaScript virtual machine".
+Pregledač ima ugrađen engine ponekad nazvan "JavaScript virtual machine".
 
-Different engines have different "codenames". For example:
+Različite mašine(engines) imaju različita "imena kodova". Na primer:
 
-- [V8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V8_(JavaScript_engine)) -- in Chrome and Opera.
-- [SpiderMonkey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SpiderMonkey) -- in Firefox.
-- ...There are other codenames like "Chakra" for IE, "ChakraCore" for Microsoft Edge, "Nitro" and "SquirrelFish" for Safari, etc.
-
-The terms above are good to remember because they are used in developer articles on the internet. We'll use them too. For instance, if "a feature X is supported by V8", then it probably works in Chrome and Opera.
+- [V8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V8_(JavaScript_engine)) -- u Chromu i Operi.
+- [SpiderMonkey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SpiderMonkey) -- u Firefox-u.
+- ...Postoje druga imena kodova kao  "Chakra" za Internet Explorer, "ChakraCore" za Microsoft Edge, "Nitro" i "SquirrelFish" za Safari, i td.
 
+Dobro je zapamtiti termine iznad zato što se koriste u programerskim člancima na internetu. Mi ćemo ih koristiti takođe. Na primer, ako je "funkcija X podržano od V8", onda verovatno funkcioniše u Chrome-u i Opera-i. 
 ```smart header="How do engines work?"
 
-Engines are complicated. But the basics are easy.
+Engine(mašine) su komplikovane. Ali osnove su im lake.
 
-1. The engine (embedded if it's a browser) reads ("parses") the script.
-2. Then it converts ("compiles") the script to the machine language.
-3. And then the machine code runs, pretty fast.
+1. Engine (embedded ako je pretraživač) čita ("parsira") skriptu.
+2. Onda prebacuje ("kompajlira") skriptu u jezik mašine.
+3. I onda kod radi, prilično brzo.
 
-The engine applies optimizations at each step of the process. It even watches the compiled script as it runs, analyzes the data that flows through it, and further optimizes the machine code based on that knowledge.
+Engine omogućava optimizacije na svakom koraku u procesu. Čak posmatra kompajlovanu skriptu dok se izvršava, analizira podatke koji protiču kroz nju, i optimizira dalje kodove mašina zasnovane na tom znanju.
 ```
 
-## What can in-browser JavaScript do?
-
-Modern JavaScript is a "safe" programming language. It does not provide low-level access to memory or CPU, because it was initially created for browsers which do not require it.
 
-JavaScript's capabilities greatly depend on the environment it's running in. For instance, [Node.js](https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Node.js) supports functions that allow JavaScript to read/write arbitrary files, perform network requests, etc.
+## Šta in-browser JavaScript može da radi?
 
-In-browser JavaScript can do everything related to webpage manipulation, interaction with the user, and the webserver.
+Moderan JavaScript je "siguran" programski jezik. Ne dozvoljava pristupe niskog nivoa memoriji ili CPU-u, zato što je prvenstveno napravljen za pretraživače koji to ne zahtevaju.
 
-For instance, in-browser JavaScript is able to:
+JavaScript mogućnosti dosta zavise od njegovog okruženja. Na primer, [Node.js](https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Node.js) podržava funkcije koje dozvoljavaju JavaScript-u da čita/piše proizvoljne fajlove, pokreće mrežne zahteve, i td.
 
-- Add new HTML to the page, change the existing content, modify styles.
-- React to user actions, run on mouse clicks, pointer movements, key presses.
-- Send requests over the network to remote servers, download and upload files (so-called [AJAX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajax_(programming)) and [COMET](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet_(programming)) technologies).
-- Get and set cookies, ask questions to the visitor, show messages.
-- Remember the data on the client-side ("local storage").
+In-browser JavaScript može sve što je povezano sa manipulacijom vebstranice, interakcijom sa korisnikom i sa vebserverom.
 
-## What CAN'T in-browser JavaScript do?
+Na primer, in-browser JavaScript može da:
 
-JavaScript's abilities in the browser are limited for the sake of the user's safety. The aim is to prevent an evil webpage from accessing private information or harming the user's data.
+- Dodaje novi HTML na stranicu, izmeni postojeći sadržaj, izmeni stilove.
+- Reaguje na akcije korisnika, pokreće se na klik miša, pokrete kursora, pritisak dugmeta.
+- Šalje zahteve putem mreža da bi upravljao serverima, daunlouduje i aplouduje fajlove (takozvani [AJAX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajax_(programming)) i [COMET](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet_(programming)) tehnologije).
+- Dobija i postavlja kukije, postavlja pitanja posetiocu, pokazuje poruke.
+- Pamti informacije sa strane klijenta("local storage").
 
-Examples of such restrictions include:
+## Šta in-browser JavaScript ne može da radi?
 
-- JavaScript on a webpage may not read/write arbitrary files on the hard disk, copy them or execute programs. It has no direct access to OS functions.
+JavaScript-ove mogućnosti u pretraživaču su ograničene zbog sigurnosti korisnika. Cilj je da se spreči da zla stranica pristupi privatnim podacima ili da nanese štetu korisnikovim podacima.
 
-    Modern browsers allow it to work with files, but the access is limited and only provided if the user does certain actions, like "dropping" a file into a browser window or selecting it via an `<input>` tag.
+Primeri takvih restrikcija uključuju:
 
-    There are ways to interact with camera/microphone and other devices, but they require a user's explicit permission. So a JavaScript-enabled page may not sneakily enable a web-camera, observe the surroundings and send the information to the [NSA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Security_Agency).
-- Different tabs/windows generally do not know about each other. Sometimes they do, for example when one window uses JavaScript to open the other one. But even in this case, JavaScript from one page may not access the other if they come from different sites (from a different domain, protocol or port).
+- JavaScript na vebstranici ne sme da čita/piše proizvoljne datoteke na hard disku,ne sme da ih kopira ili pokreće program. Nema direktan pristup OS funkcijama.
 
-    This is called the "Same Origin Policy". To work around that, *both pages* must agree for data exchange and contain a special JavaScript code that handles it. We'll cover that in the tutorial.
+    Moderni pretraživači dozvoljavaju da radi sa datotekama, ali je pristup ograničen i samo omogućen ako korisnik radi određene akcije, na primer "spušta" fajl u prozor pretraživača ili ga selektuje putem `<input>` taga.
 
-    This limitation is, again, for the user's safety. A page from `http://anysite.com` which a user has opened must not be able to access another browser tab with the URL `http://gmail.com` and steal information from there.
-- JavaScript can easily communicate over the net to the server where the current page came from. But its ability to receive data from other sites/domains is crippled. Though possible, it requires explicit agreement (expressed in HTTP headers) from the remote side. Once again, that's a safety limitation.
+    Postoje načini za interakciju sa kamerom/mikrofonom, i ostalim uređajima, ali zahtevaju posebnu dozvolu korisnika. Tako da stranica na kojoj je omogućen JavaScript ne sme tajno da uključi Vebkameru, posmatra okolinu i šalje informacije na [NSA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Security_Agency).
+- Različiti tabovi/prozori inače ne znaju jedni za druge. Ponekad znaju, na primer kada jedan prozor koristi JavaScript da bi otvorio drugi. Ali čak i u ovom slučaju, JavaScript sa jedne stranice nema pristup drugoj stranici ako dolaze sa različitih sajtova (sa različitog domejna, protokola ili porta).  
 
+   Ovo se zove "Same Origin Policy" (politika istog porekla). Za rad sa njom, *obe stranice* moraju da pristanu na razmenu podataka, i da sadrže poseban JavaScript kod koji podržava tu politiku. Mi ćemo pokriti to u ovom tutorijalu. 
+   
+   Ovo ograničenje je, ponovo ponavljamo, zbog sigurnosti korisnika. Stranica sa `http://anysite.com` koju je korisnik otvorio ne sme da ima pristup drugom pretraživaču sa ovim URL-om  `http://gmail.com` i da ukrade informacije odatle. 
+- JavaScript može lako da komunicira preko interneta do servera odakle trenutno stranica dolazi. Ali njegova mugućnost da prima podatke sa drugih sajtova/domejnova je oštećena. Ako je moguće, zahtevaće posebno odobrenje (izraženo u HTTP zaglavljima) Još jednom, to je sigurnosno ograničenje. 
 ![](limitations.svg)
 
-Such limits do not exist if JavaScript is used outside of the browser, for example on a server. Modern browsers also allow plugin/extensions which may ask for extended permissions.
-
-## What makes JavaScript unique?
+takva ograničenja ne postoje ako je JavaScript korišćen van pretraživača, na pr. na sreveru. Moderni pretraživči takodje dozvoljavaju plagin ekstenzije koji služe za izdavanje dozvole.
 
-There are at least *three* great things about JavaScript:
+## Šta čini JavaScript jedinstvenim?
 
+Postoje najmanje tri bitne stvari o JavaScriptu: 
 ```compare
-+ Full integration with HTML/CSS.
-+ Simple things are done simply.
-+ Support by all major browsers and enabled by default.
++ Potpuna integracija sa HTML/CSS.
++ Jednostavne stvari koje se prosto izvršavaju.
++ Podrška od svih većih pretraživača i dozvola po default-u.
 ```
-JavaScript is the only browser technology that combines these three things.
+JavaScript je jedina brauzer tehnologija koja kombinuje ove tri stavke. 
 
-That's what makes JavaScript unique. That's why it's the most widespread tool for creating browser interfaces.
+To je ono što čini JavaScript jedinstvenim. Zato je on najrasprostranjenija alatka za stvaranje pretraživačkog interfejsa. 
 
-That said, JavaScript also allows to create servers, mobile applications, etc.
+Ovim rečeno, JavaScript omogućuje kreiranje servera, mobilnih aplikacija, i td. 
 
-## Languages "over" JavaScript
+## Jezici "preko" JavaScript-a
 
-The syntax of JavaScript does not suit everyone's needs. Different people want different features.
+JavaScript sintaksa ne ispunjava svačije potrebe. Različiti ljudi zahtevaju različite stvari. 
 
-That's to be expected, because projects and requirements are different for everyone.
+To je očekivano, zato što projekti i zahtevi tih projekata su drugačiji za sve.
 
-So recently a plethora of new languages appeared, which are *transpiled* (converted) to JavaScript before they run in the browser.
+Zato se skoro mnoštvo drugih jezika pojavilo, koji su konvertovani u JavaScript pre nego što se pokrenu u pretraživaču.
 
-Modern tools make the transpilation very fast and transparent, actually allowing developers to code in another language and auto-converting it "under the hood".
+Moderne alatke stvaraju konvertovanje veoma brzim i lakim, zapravo dozvoljavaju programerima da kreiraju kod u drugom jeziku auto-konvertujući njegovu suštinu.
 
-Examples of such languages:
+Primeri takvih jezika:
 
-- [CoffeeScript](http://coffeescript.org/) is a "syntactic sugar" for JavaScript. It introduces shorter syntax, allowing us to write clearer and more precise code. Usually, Ruby devs like it.
-- [TypeScript](http://www.typescriptlang.org/) is concentrated on adding "strict data typing" to simplify the development and support of complex systems. It is developed by Microsoft.
-- [Flow](http://flow.org/) also adds data typing, but in a different way. Developed by Facebook.
-- [Dart](https://www.dartlang.org/) is a standalone language that has its own engine that runs in non-browser environments (like mobile apps), but also can be transpiled to JavaScript. Developed by Google.
-- [Brython](https://brython.info/) is a Python transpiler to JavaScript that enables the writing of applications in pure Python without JavaScript.
-- [Kotlin](https://kotlinlang.org/docs/reference/js-overview.html) is a modern, concise and safe programming language that can target the browser or Node.
+- [CoffeeScript](http://coffeescript.org/) je "sintetički šećer" za JavaScript. Upoznaje nas sa kraćom sintaksom, dozvoljavajući nam da pišemo čistije i preciznije kodove. Inače *Rubi* developeri ga vole.
+- [TypeScript](http://www.typescriptlang.org/) je koncentrisan na dodavanje "strogog pisanje podataka" da bi pojednostavilo razvijanje i podršku kompleksnih sistema. Razvijen je od strane Microsoft-a.
+- [Flow](http://flow.org/) takođe dodaje pisanje podataka, ali na drugi način. Razvijen od Fejsbuk-a.
+- [Dart](https://www.dartlang.org/) je samostalan jezik koja ima svoju mašinu koja radi u non-brauzer okruženjima(kao što su mobilne aplikacije), ali takođe može biti konvertovan u JavaScript. Razvijen od Google-a.
+- [Brython](https://brython.info/) je Python konvertovan u JavaScript koji omogućava pisanje aplikacija na čistom Python jeziku bez JavaScript-a.
+- [Kotlin](https://kotlinlang.org/docs/reference/js-overview.html) je moderan, sažet i siguran programski jezik koji cilja na pretraživač ili Node. 
 
-There are more. Of course, even if we use one of transpiled languages, we should also know JavaScript to really understand what we're doing.
+Ima ih više. Naravno, čak iako smo se navikli na neki od konvertovanih jezika, trebali bismo da poznajemo JavaScript da bismo stvarno razumeli šta činimo.
 
-## Summary
+## Rezime
 
-- JavaScript was initially created as a browser-only language, but it is now used in many other environments as well.
-- Today, JavaScript has a unique position as the most widely-adopted browser language with full integration in HTML/CSS.
-- There are many languages that get "transpiled" to JavaScript and provide certain features. It is recommended to take a look at them, at least briefly, after mastering JavaScript.
+- JavaScript je prvobitno stvoren kao jezik samo za pretraživače, ali se sada koristi i u mnogim drugim okruženjima.
+- Danas, JavaScript ima jedinstvenu poziciju kao najprihvaćeniji pretraživački jezik potpuno integrisan u HTML/CSS.
+- Postoje mnogi jezici koji su "pretočeni" u JavaScript i daju razne mogućnosti. Preporučujemo da ih istražite, barem nakon usavršavanja JavaScript-a.