Merge branch 'master' of github.com:javascript-tutorial/en.javascript.info into sync-47d18659

Author: iliakan

1-js/01-getting-started/4-devtools/article.md

@@ -29,10 +29,15 @@ The exact look of developer tools depends on your version of Chrome. It changes
 - Here we can see the red-colored error message. In this case, the script contains an unknown "lalala" command.
 - On the right, there is a clickable link to the source `bug.html:12` with the line number where the error has occurred.
 
-Below the error message, there is a blue `>` symbol. It marks a "command line" where we can type JavaScript commands. Press `key:Enter` to run them (`key:Shift+Enter` to input multi-line commands).
+Below the error message, there is a blue `>` symbol. It marks a "command line" where we can type JavaScript commands. Press `key:Enter` to run them.
 
 Now we can see errors, and that's enough for a start. We'll come back to developer tools later and cover debugging more in-depth in the chapter <info:debugging-chrome>.
 
+```smart header="Multi-line input"
+Usually, when we put a line of code into the console, and then press `key:Enter`, it executes.
+
+To insert multiple lines, press `key:Shift+Enter`. This way one can enter long fragments of JavaScript code.
+```
 
 ## Firefox, Edge, and others
 
@@ -50,12 +55,6 @@ Open Preferences and go to the "Advanced" pane. There's a checkbox at the bottom
 
 Now `key:Cmd+Opt+C` can toggle the console. Also, note that the new top menu item named "Develop" has appeared. It has many commands and options.
 
-```smart header="Multi-line input"
-Usually, when we put a line of code into the console, and then press `key:Enter`, it executes.
-
-To insert multiple lines, press `key:Shift+Enter`. This way one can enter long fragments of JavaScript code.
-```
-
 ## Summary
 
 - Developer tools allow us to see errors, run commands, examine variables, and much more.

1-js/02-first-steps/03-strict-mode/article.md

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ Only comments may appear above `"use strict"`.
 ```warn header="There's no way to cancel `use strict`"
 There is no directive like `"no use strict"` that reverts the engine to old behavior.
 
-Once we enter strict mode, there's no return.
+Once we enter strict mode, there's no going back.
 ```
 
 ## Browser console

1-js/02-first-steps/05-types/article.md

@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@ message = 123456;
 
 Programming languages that allow such things are called "dynamically typed", meaning that there are data types, but variables are not bound to any of them.
 
-There are seven basic data types in JavaScript. Here, we'll cover them in general and in the next chapters we'll talk about each of them in detail.
+There are eight basic data types in JavaScript. Here, we'll cover them in general and in the next chapters we'll talk about each of them in detail.
 
-## A number
+## Number
 
 ```js
 let n = 123;
@@ -62,14 +62,33 @@ Special numeric values formally belong to the "number" type. Of course they are
 
 We'll see more about working with numbers in the chapter <info:number>.
 
-## A string
+## BigInt
+
+In JavaScript, the "number" type cannot represent integer values larger than <code>2<sup>53</sup></code> (or less than <code>-2<sup>53</sup></code> for negatives), that's a technical limitation caused by their internal representation. That's about 16 decimal digits, so for most purposes the limitation isn't a problem, but sometimes we need really big numbers, e.g. for cryptography or microsecond-precision timestamps.
+
+`BigInt` type was recently added to the language to represent integers of arbitrary length.
+
+A `BigInt` is created by appending `n` to the end of an integer literal:
+
+```js
+// the "n" at the end means it's a BigInt
+const bigInt = 1234567890123456789012345678901234567890n;
+```
+
+As `BigInt` numbers are rarely needed, we devoted them a separate chapter <info:bigint>.
+
+```smart header="Compatability issues"
+Right now `BigInt` is supported in Firefox and Chrome, but not in Safari/IE/Edge.
+```
+
+## String
 
 A string in JavaScript must be surrounded by quotes.
 
 ```js
 let str = "Hello";
 let str2 = 'Single quotes are ok too';
-let phrase = `can embed ${str}`;
+let phrase = `can embed another ${str}`;
 ```
 
 In JavaScript, there are 3 types of quotes.
@@ -78,7 +97,7 @@ In JavaScript, there are 3 types of quotes.
 2. Single quotes: `'Hello'`.
 3. Backticks: <code>&#96;Hello&#96;</code>.
 
-Double and single quotes are "simple" quotes. There's no difference between them in JavaScript.
+Double and single quotes are "simple" quotes. There's practically no difference between them in JavaScript.
 
 Backticks are "extended functionality" quotes. They allow us to embed variables and expressions into a string by wrapping them in `${…}`, for example:
 
@@ -102,12 +121,12 @@ alert( "the result is ${1 + 2}" ); // the result is ${1 + 2} (double quotes do n
 We'll cover strings more thoroughly in the chapter <info:string>.
 
 ```smart header="There is no *character* type."
-In some languages, there is a special "character" type for a single character. For example, in the C language and in Java it is `char`.
+In some languages, there is a special "character" type for a single character. For example, in the C language and in Java it is called "char".
 
 In JavaScript, there is no such type. There's only one type: `string`. A string may consist of only one character or many of them.
 ```
 
-## A boolean (logical type)
+## Boolean (logical type)
 
 The boolean type has only two values: `true` and `false`.
 
@@ -198,6 +217,8 @@ typeof undefined // "undefined"
 
 typeof 0 // "number"
 
+typeof 10n // "bigint"
+
 typeof true // "boolean"
 
 typeof "foo" // "string"
@@ -223,12 +244,12 @@ The last three lines may need additional explanation:
 2. The result of `typeof null` is `"object"`. That's wrong. It is an officially recognized error in `typeof`, kept for compatibility. Of course, `null` is not an object. It is a special value with a separate type of its own. So, again, this is an error in the language.
 3. The result of `typeof alert` is `"function"`, because `alert` is a function. We'll study functions in the next chapters where we'll also see that there's no special "function" type in JavaScript. Functions belong to the object type. But `typeof` treats them differently, returning `"function"`. That's not quite correct, but very convenient in practice.
 
-
 ## Summary
 
-There are 7 basic data types in JavaScript.
+There are 8 basic data types in JavaScript.
 
-- `number` for numbers of any kind: integer or floating-point.
+- `number` for numbers of any kind: integer or floating-point, integers are limited by ±2<sup>53</sup>.
+- `bigint` is for integer numbers of arbitrary length.
 - `string` for strings. A string may have one or more characters, there's no separate single-character type.
 - `boolean` for `true`/`false`.
 - `null` for unknown values -- a standalone type that has a single value `null`.

1-js/02-first-steps/11-logical-operators/9-check-login/ifelse_task.svg

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ Here Babel comes to the rescue.
 
 Actually, there are two parts in Babel:
 
-1. First, the transpiler program, which rewrites the code. The developer runs it on their own computer. It rewrites the code into the older standard. And then the code is delivered to the website for users. Modern project build systems like [webpack](http://webpack.github.io/) provide means to run transpiler automatically on every code change, so that very easy to integrate into development process.
+1. First, the transpiler program, which rewrites the code. The developer runs it on their own computer. It rewrites the code into the older standard. And then the code is delivered to the website for users. Modern project build systems like [webpack](http://webpack.github.io/) provide means to run transpiler automatically on every code change, so that it's very easy to integrate into development process.
 
 2. Second, the polyfill.