docs: add category badges from portal #5975

Job	Run time
Format check	46s
Linter	45s
Unit tests (ubuntu-latest)	47s
Unit tests (windows-latest)	1m 29s
Integration tests (macos-latest)	1m 13s
Build	46s
Unit tests (macos-latest)	56s
Integration tests (windows-latest)	1m 29s
Integration tests (ubuntu-latest)	47s
E2E tests (ubuntu-latest)	46s
E2E tests (windows-latest)	1m 30s
E2E tests (macos-latest)	50s
	12m 4s

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