`Linker::instantiate_pre` could avoid mutating a `Store`

[abrown]

In #5484, it would have been ideal to check if an instance was "instantiatable" by a Linker much sooner than when we currently check it (at startup instead of when a thread is spawned). Because a Store is not available until the thread is spawned and Linker::instantiate_pre requires a mutable Store, we cannot do this check sooner. If Linker::instantiate_pre were refactored to be called without a Store or if some other method were available to "check that all the imports can be satisfied," then the check in wasi-threads could be moved up and this issue closed.

[jameysharp]

I was just looking at a wasmtime embedder that constructs an otherwise-unused Store solely for use with instantiate_pre. I agree that it'd be nice to not have to do that!

[pchickey]

This isn't a very helpful answer, but I wanted this as well when we introduced instantiate_pre, and there was some complexity of the implementation that made it extremely difficult, so I gave up. The situation may have changed and I'd welcome if someone was able to do it!

[alexcrichton]

I was struck with inspiration when thinking about this again and created #5683