[AMORO #4232] Improve AmsThriftUrl parsing and validation.

[slfan1989]

Why are the changes needed?

Close #4232.

AmsThriftUrl is used to parse AMS thrift and ZooKeeper URLs. The previous thrift URL parsing lowercased the whole URL before parsing, which could unexpectedly change case-sensitive parts such as catalog names or query values.

This patch improves URL parsing robustness by preserving the original URL case and adding clearer validation for invalid thrift URLs.

Brief change log

• Avoid lowercasing the whole thrift URL during parsing.
• Keep URL scheme matching case-insensitive.
• Preserve host, catalog name, and query value case.
• Add explicit validation for thrift URL:
  • unsupported scheme
  • missing host
  • missing port
• Extract shared socketTimeout query parsing logic.
• Make socketTimeout parameter name case-insensitive.
• Add TestAmsThriftUrl unit tests.

How was this patch tested?

• Add some test cases that check the changes thoroughly including negative and positive cases if possible

• Add screenshots for manual tests if appropriate

• Run test locally before making a pull request

Documentation

• Does this pull request introduce a new feature? (no)
• If yes, how is the feature documented? (not applicable)