+To assess HADAD's performance, we compiled a comprehensive benchmark of 1,560 test scenarios covering an entire year, featuring diverse origin-destination pairs, vessel speeds, and environmental conditions. Our findings indicate that HADAD provides an additional 4% improvement over pure A* graph methods compared to the shortest-distance route, thanks to its flexible, gradient-based refinements. A seasonal analysis reveals markedly higher gains in winter, sometimes doubling those in summer, with savings peaking at 27% under extreme weather. Additionally, testing the algorithm with synthetic vector fields demonstrated its adaptability for fuel consumption optimization and Just-in-Time arrivals.
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