Added volume_of_torus algorithm in maths

Implemented the formula for the volume of a torus with type hints and doctests.

Author: Gopesh111

maths/volume_of_torus.py

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+"""
+Volume of a Torus
+Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torus
+"""
+
+from math import pi
+
+
+def volume_of_torus(major_radius: float, minor_radius: float) -> float:
+    """
+    Calculate the volume of a torus.
+
+    Formula:
+        V = 2 * π² * R * r²
+
+    :param major_radius: Distance from the center of the tube to the center of the torus (R)
+    :param minor_radius: Radius of the tube (r)
+    :return: Volume of the torus
+
+    >>> volume_of_torus(3.0, 1.0)
+    59.21762640653615
+    >>> volume_of_torus(5.0, 2.0)
+    394.7841760435743
+    >>> volume_of_torus(0.0, 0.0)
+    0.0
+    """
+    if major_radius < 0:
+        raise ValueError("major_radius must be non-negative")
+    if minor_radius < 0:
+        raise ValueError("minor_radius must be non-negative")
+
+    return 2 * (pi ** 2) * major_radius * (minor_radius ** 2)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    import doctest
+
+    doctest.testmod()