Add MS-SQL (SQL Server) support

[myyong]

This issue tracks the work done on the mssql branch to make Datafaker work end-to-end against Microsoft SQL Server databases.

Background

Datafaker was originally written targeting PostgreSQL and DuckDB. MS-SQL differs in several ways that required systematic fixes across the codebase: different SQL dialect (no RANDOM()/LIMIT, no EXTRACT, no STDDEV), mandatory schema qualification when a non-default schema is in use, different type names, identity column behaviour, and stricter rules around foreign-key cascade paths.

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Changes by area

Foundation and initial driver support

• b2f14ab — Add initial MS-SQL support: pyodbc/aioodbc dependencies, async DSN rewriting, schema routing via SQLAlchemy schema_translate_map
• d872fd9 — Document macOS ODBC driver setup and add .env.example for MS-SQL connection strings
• fc97b2c — Add TrustServerCertificate=yes to MS-SQL DSN examples

Type system

• 76fec75 — Extend type parser for MS-SQL column types (issue Extend type parser to support MS-SQL column types #96): BIGINT, NVARCHAR, DATETIME2, etc.
• da4a69b — Strip SERIAL/IDENTITY for MS-SQL target databases (issue Handle SERIAL autoincrement columns when targeting MS-SQL #97)

Schema and foreign keys

• 81a65eb — Fix schema-qualified FK resolution and MS-SQL multiple cascade paths (closes Bug: MS-SQL create-tables fails with schema-qualified FK targets and multiple cascade paths #101): resolve schema.table.column references in orm.yaml and avoid FOREIGN KEY … CASCADE conflicts that MS-SQL rejects

Primary keys

• 84a209f — Let the database generate integer primary keys on MS-SQL (closes MS-SQL identity insert error (8106): SET IDENTITY_INSERT fails because remove_mssql_identity strips IDENTITY from DDL #104): suppress Datafaker-generated PKs when the column has IDENTITY

Dialect-correct SQL in generators and interactive shell

MS-SQL does not support RANDOM() / LIMIT n or EXTRACT(… FROM …) / STDDEV. Every code path that emits these had to be updated:

• 3637258 — Fix dialect-specific SQL in generator commands (closes configure-generators and make-stats fail on MS-SQL: PostgreSQL-specific SQL functions used in source queries #105): RANDOM()→NEWID(), LIMIT→TOP, EXTRACT→DATEPART, STDDEV→STDEV in the interactive shell
• 7c0add6 — Fix RANDOM()/LIMIT in ChoiceGeneratorFactory (closes configure-generators fails on MS-SQL: RANDOM() and LIMIT not supported in ChoiceGeneratorFactory #106)
• 2bcea2b — Fix schema-qualified table in live queries of ChoiceGeneratorFactory
• 41b96f6 — Fix schema-missing FROM clause in Buckets queries
• 29e7889 — Fix remaining RANDOM()/LIMIT incompatibilities across CovariateQuery, MissingnessType, and do_peek/print_column_data (closes configure-generators fails on MS-SQL: remaining RANDOM() and LIMIT occurrences in interactive shell and generators #107)

Schema qualification for SQL stored in src-stats

Queries written by configure-generators into config.yaml's src-stats section are later executed by make-stats via raw text() — SQLAlchemy's schema_translate_map does not apply. Each code path that writes these strings needed to embed the schema-qualified table name explicitly:

• 91578da — Fix missing schema qualification in interactive shell SELECT statements (do_peek, do_counts, print_column_data, _get_column_data)
• 4d03aa3 — Fix unqualified table names in raw SQL during configure-generators (ContinuousLogDistributionGeneratorFactory, MultivariateNormalGeneratorFactory)
• 173f6da — Fix unqualified table names in src-stats queries written by configure-generators (_get_aggregate_query, PredefinedGenerator.SELECT_AGGREGATE_RE)
• 1132dc6 — Fix schema-qualified table name in ChoiceGenerator stored queries (closes ChoiceGenerator stores unqualified table name in custom_queries SQL #108): use text(schema_qualified_name(...)) so the compiled SQL string is not bracket-quoted as [mimic100.person]

Tests

Dialect-correctness tests were added alongside each fix. A dedicated test module tests/test_generators_dialect.py covers:

• DATEPART vs EXTRACT in MimesisDateTimeGenerator
• STDEV vs STDDEV in Buckets
• NEWID()/TOP vs RANDOM()/LIMIT in ChoiceGeneratorFactory, CovariateQuery, MissingnessType
• Schema qualification in Buckets, ContinuousLogDistributionGeneratorFactory, ChoiceGeneratorFactory, _get_aggregate_query, and PredefinedGenerator

tests/test_interactive_dialect.py covers the interactive shell commands (do_peek, do_counts, _get_column_data, print_column_data) for both MS-SQL and PostgreSQL dialects.

Examples

• 40fc121 — Rename mimic_omop example to omop-mssql
• 1857e76 — Add omop-postgresql example

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Known limitations / deferred work

• Challenge 8 (deferred, tracked in Challenge 8: set_db_settings autocommit toggle is not portable across DBAPI drivers #99): full end-to-end test against a live MS-SQL instance in CI
• UUID type mapping (Challenge 6: mssql.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER not mapped to a UUID generator in make.py #98) is documented but not fully resolved for all edge cases

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Summary

The mssql branch adds end-to-end MS-SQL support to Datafaker. The main categories of change were: (1) driver and connection plumbing, (2) SQL dialect translation (RANDOM→NEWID, LIMIT→TOP, EXTRACT→DATEPART, STDDEV→STDEV), (3) schema qualification in stored SQL strings that bypass schema_translate_map, and (4) MS-SQL-specific schema/type/FK constraints. All changes are covered by unit tests using mocked engines and dialect instances.