StackOverflowError when using `DefaultValue.parsed("")`

[McModknower]

When using DefaultValue.parsed("") or @Default(""), and the command input does not contain the corresponding Parameter, a StackOverflowError is thrown.

Test cases for reproduction:

1. DefaultValue.parsed("")

//
// MIT License
//
// Copyright (c) 2024 Incendo
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
//
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
// copies or substantial portions of the Software.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
// SOFTWARE.
//
package org.incendo.cloud.issue;

import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.NonNull;
import org.incendo.cloud.CommandManager;
import org.incendo.cloud.TestCommandSender;
import org.incendo.cloud.component.DefaultValue;
import org.incendo.cloud.execution.CommandResult;
import org.incendo.cloud.execution.ExecutionCoordinator;
import org.incendo.cloud.internal.CommandRegistrationHandler;
import org.incendo.cloud.parser.standard.StringParser;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;

/**
 * Test for https://github.com/Incendo/cloud/issues/todo.
 */
class ProbableIssue {

    @Test
    void emptyDefaultDoesNotCauseStackOverflow() {
        // Arrange
        final CommandManager<TestCommandSender> commandManager = new CommandManager<TestCommandSender>(
                ExecutionCoordinator.simpleCoordinator(),
                CommandRegistrationHandler.nullCommandRegistrationHandler()
        ) {
            @Override
            public boolean hasPermission(
                    final @NonNull TestCommandSender sender,
                    final @NonNull String permission
            ) {
                return true;
            }
        };

        commandManager.command(
                commandManager.commandBuilder("test")
                        .optional("arg", StringParser.stringParser(), DefaultValue.parsed(""))
                        .handler(context -> {})
                        .build());

        // Act
        final CommandResult<?> result = commandManager.commandExecutor().executeCommand(new TestCommandSender(), "test").join();

        // Assert
        assertThat(result.commandContext().<String>get("arg")).isEqualTo("");
    }
}

2. @Default("")

//
// MIT License
//
// Copyright (c) 2024 Incendo
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
//
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
// copies or substantial portions of the Software.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
// SOFTWARE.
//
package org.incendo.cloud.annotations.issue;

import org.incendo.cloud.CommandManager;
import org.incendo.cloud.annotations.AnnotationParser;
import org.incendo.cloud.annotations.Command;
import org.incendo.cloud.annotations.Default;
import org.incendo.cloud.annotations.TestCommandManager;
import org.incendo.cloud.annotations.TestCommandSender;
import org.incendo.cloud.execution.CommandResult;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;

class ProbableIssue {

    private CommandManager<TestCommandSender> commandManager;
    private AnnotationParser<TestCommandSender> annotationParser;

    @BeforeEach
    void setup() {
        this.commandManager = new TestCommandManager();
        this.annotationParser = new AnnotationParser<>(
                this.commandManager,
                TestCommandSender.class
        );
    }

    @Test
    void test() {
        // Arrange
        this.annotationParser.parse(new TestClass());

        // Act
        final CommandResult<?> result =
                this.commandManager.commandExecutor().executeCommand(new TestCommandSender(), "empty").join();

        // Assert
        assertThat(result.commandContext().<String>get("arg")).isEqualTo("");
    }

    static class TestClass {

        @Command("empty [arg]")
        public void empty(@Default("") String arg) {
        }

    }
}

Relevant output of my example test case:

java.lang.StackOverflowError
java.util.concurrent.CompletionException: java.lang.StackOverflowError
	at java.base/java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture.encodeThrowable(CompletableFuture.java:315)
	at java.base/java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture.completeThrowable(CompletableFuture.java:320)
	at java.base/java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture$UniCompose.tryFire(CompletableFuture.java:1159)
	at java.base/java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture$Completion.run(CompletableFuture.java:482)
	at org.incendo.cloud.execution.ExecutionCoordinatorImpl$NonSchedulingExecutor.execute(ExecutionCoordinatorImpl.java:53)
	at java.base/java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture.uniComposeStage(CompletableFuture.java:1184)
	at java.base/java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture.thenComposeAsync(CompletableFuture.java:2352)
	at org.incendo.cloud.CommandTree.lambda$parseCommand$4(CommandTree.java:306)
	at java.base/java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture.uniComposeStage(CompletableFuture.java:1187)
	at java.base/java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture.thenCompose(CompletableFuture.java:2341)
	at org.incendo.cloud.CommandTree.parseCommand(CommandTree.java:289)
	at org.incendo.cloud.CommandTree.parseDirect(CommandTree.java:205)
	at org.incendo.cloud.CommandTree.lambda$parse$0(CommandTree.java:180)
	at java.base/java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture$AsyncSupply.run(CompletableFuture.java:1768)
	at org.incendo.cloud.execution.ExecutionCoordinatorImpl$NonSchedulingExecutor.execute(ExecutionCoordinatorImpl.java:53)
	at java.base/java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture.asyncSupplyStage(CompletableFuture.java:1782)
	at java.base/java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(CompletableFuture.java:2005)
	at org.incendo.cloud.util.CompletableFutures.scheduleOn(CompletableFutures.java:70)
	at org.incendo.cloud.CommandTree.parse(CommandTree.java:180)
	at org.incendo.cloud.execution.ExecutionCoordinatorImpl.coordinateExecution(ExecutionCoordinatorImpl.java:98)
	at org.incendo.cloud.StandardCommandExecutor.executeCommand(StandardCommandExecutor.java:91)
	at org.incendo.cloud.StandardCommandExecutor.executeCommand(StandardCommandExecutor.java:65)
	at org.incendo.cloud.execution.CommandExecutor.executeCommand(CommandExecutor.java:63)
	at org.incendo.cloud.issue.ProbableIssue.emptyDefaultDoesNotCauseStackOverflow(ProbableIssue.java:66)
	at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DirectMethodHandleAccessor.invoke(DirectMethodHandleAccessor.java:103)
	<internal lines not relevant to this issue>
	Suppressed: java.util.concurrent.CompletionException: java.lang.StackOverflowError
		at org.incendo.cloud.StandardCommandExecutor.lambda$executeCommand$0(StandardCommandExecutor.java:77)
		at java.base/java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture.uniWhenComplete(CompletableFuture.java:863)
		at java.base/java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture.uniWhenCompleteStage(CompletableFuture.java:887)
		at java.base/java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture.whenComplete(CompletableFuture.java:2357)
		... 83 more
	Caused by: java.lang.StackOverflowError
		<internal lines not relevant to this issue>
		at io.leangen.geantyref.GenericTypeReflector.isSuperType(GenericTypeReflector.java:400)
		at org.incendo.cloud.CommandTree.determineAccess(CommandTree.java:1037)
		at org.incendo.cloud.CommandTree.attemptParseUnambiguousChild(CommandTree.java:399)
		at org.incendo.cloud.CommandTree.attemptParseUnambiguousChild(CommandTree.java:435)
		at org.incendo.cloud.CommandTree.attemptParseUnambiguousChild(CommandTree.java:435)
		<CommandTree.java:435 repeated a lot>
Caused by: [CIRCULAR REFERENCE: java.lang.StackOverflowError]